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举人

举人
壮语名称
方块壮字 舉人
韩语名称
谚文거인
汉字擧人

举人,为一种士人的身份,等级在生员之上。雅称“孝廉”、“发解”、“发达”、“乡进士”、“乡先进”、“乡进”等对入京师参与会试的举人雅称为公车。明清时俗称“老爷”。

沿革

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汉代取士用人无考试之法,皆令太守诸侯国国相荐举,获荐举者称为举人。

时称可以应进士考试者为举人。

时,则称乡试中试(称为“中举”)者为举人,亦称为“大会状”、“大春元”。第一名称为解元,而因明代科举有以五经取士,乡试每经取一名为首,列前五名称为“经魁”。清代也沿袭称乡试前五名称为经魁北闱第一名按惯例须为直隶籍人,为“北元”;南方各省考中第二名也称元,为“南元[1]

图集

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 清稗类钞》考试类:“乾隆辛卯,高宗以解元文甚不佳,移第三,以南元为第一。发卷出,奏事太监曹某奏称:‘顺天乡榜向以顺天人置等一。’乃易还之。”

研究书目

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  • 张仲礼著,费成康等译:《中国绅士的收入》(上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2001)。

参见

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举人
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