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半音音阶

Chromatic scale: every key of one octave on the piano keyboard

半音音阶(Chromatic Scale)或半音阶是指有12个不同音高顺序排列的音阶,每两个音之间差半个音。 学理上半音音阶为了表现音乐的特性而有了三种不同的记谱方式:

1. 和声半音阶

为了配合调性和声基本的三和弦结构变化,音阶上全音之间插入的变化音在上行与下行时都以降低上方音为主,唯独第四、第五音之间升高第四度音。以C大调为例,其半音阶记谱如下:
C - Db - D - Eb - E - F - F# - G - Ab - A - Bb - B - C - B - Bb - A - Ab - G - F# - F - E - Eb - D - Db - C

2. 任意半音阶

调性和声发展到七和弦的全面运用,必须考虑七和弦结构上的变化,所以其半音阶的记谱也跟着配合改变。上行时插入的变化音是低音的升高音;下行时则为高的音的降低音,另外,不管上下行的第四、第五度音之间,必须升高第四度音;第六、第七度音之间降低第七度音。以C大调为例,其半音阶记谱如下:
C - C# - D - D# - E - F - F# - G - G# - A - Bb - B - C - B - Bb - A - Ab - G - F# - F - E - Eb - D - Db - C

3. 近代半音阶

音乐发展直到后来已跳脱调性的束缚,尤其近代调性的淡化,音阶也产生了变化。如上面的谱例,已简化成: 上行(Ascending)音阶主要用升音记号(#);下行音阶(Descending)主要用降音记号(b)。

任何一个音高上均可建立半音音阶,做出该调的半音阶。

注:半音阶的记谱是因和声的演化而来,调性的七声音阶只分大小调,而小调的音阶还分成自然小音阶(古式小音阶)、和声小音阶(变化小音阶)、旋律小音阶及现代小音阶。其中和声小音阶(变化小音阶)在大小调性的基础上,被视为是大调变化而来的,因此上述各个半音阶的构成都建立在大调的基础上。

延伸阅读

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  • Hewitt, Michael. 2013. Musical Scales of the World. The Note Tree. ISBN 978-0957547001

参见

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外部链接

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template:Scales英语template:Scales

template:Twelve-tone technique英语template:Twelve-tone technique

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半音音阶
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