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半经典物理学

半经典物理学(英文:Semiclassical physics),或称“半经典力学”,是物理学其中一个较新的范畴。半经典物理学理论把系统的某些元素视之为量子的,而同时把另一些元素视为经典系统看待。例如,在研究分子光谱时,外加的电场可以当作是经典的,而化学键则视为量子系统。一般来说,半经典物理学适用于对量子系统的数学描述存在普朗克常数的量纲(即是趋向零的情况而(2)存在对普朗克常数的负一幂的非平凡近似。从物理光学过渡到几何光学便是一例。在满足这些条件下,量子系统和经典系统之间存在着连贯的数学关系,采用半经典物理学的手段将某些元素以经典物理学简化能大为减低计算复杂度,压缩求解时间而对计算精度仅有轻微影响。

例子

半经典近似的例子还有:

对于量子场论,半经典近似只适用于不多于一个闭环的费曼图,因为普朗克常数的幂次取决于闭环的数目。在混沌理论的范畴,对观察过程作半经典近似是目前热门的研究方向。

参见

参考文献

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半经典物理学
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