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半导体镭射

Q-Line 纤绿半导体连续镭射器 (可见光)

半导体镭射(Semiconductor laser)在1962年被成功激发,在1970年实现室温下连续发射。后来经过改良,开发出双异质接合型镭射及条纹型构造的镭射二极管(Laser diode)等,广泛使用于光纤通信、光盘镭射打印机、镭射扫描器、镭射指示器镭射笔),是目前生产量最大的镭射器

在基本构造上,它属于半导体的P-N接面,但镭射二极管是以金属包层从两边夹住发光层(活性层),是“双异质接合构造”。而且在镭射二极管中,将界面作为发射镜(共振腔)使用。在使用材料方面,有(Ga)、(As)、(In)、(P)等。此外在多重量子井型中,也使用Ga·Al·As等。

由于具有条状结构,即使是微小电流也会增加活性区域的居量反转密度,优点是激发容易呈现单一形式,而且,其寿命可达10~100万小时。

镭射二极体的优点是效率高、体积小、重量轻且价格低。尤其是多重量子井型的效率有20~40%,P-N型也达到数%~25%,总而言之能量效率高是其最大特色。另外,它的连续输出波长涵盖了红外可见光范围,而光脉冲输出达50W(带宽100ns)等级的产品也已商业化,作为镭射雷达或激发光源可说是非常容易使用的镭射的例子。

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半导体镭射
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