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十日并出.
十日并出是中国古代的神话，意思是有十个同时出现的太阳。
十日的说法最早可见于《山海经》，十日是指天帝帝俊之妻羲和生十个太阳[1]，十日之说可见于诸多史料，如《山海经·海外西经》：“女丑之尸，生而十日炙杀之。在丈夫北。以右手彰其面。十日居上，女丑居山之上。”《吕氏春秋·求人》：“十日出而焦火不息。”《庄子·齐物论》：“昔者十日并出，万物皆照。”《楚辞·招魂》亦有“十日代出，流金铄石些”的说法。十日并出，“焦禾稼，杀草木”，晒死女丑，又造成严重的旱灾。[2]尧派遣神射手羿射下其中九个太阳，剩下一个。[3]
夏朝第十三任君主胤甲在位时，据称也曾十日并出。[4]
现代历史学家认为，尧时许多民族以太阳为图腾，“十日并出”指有十个以太阳为图腾的部落同时称雄，尧命羿射十日隐喻尧部族打败了其他九个以太阳为图腾的部落获得了政治上的统一。[5]
注释
- ^ 《山海经·大荒南经》：“东南海之外，甘水之间，有羲和之国。有女子名曰羲和，方日浴于甘渊。羲和者，帝俊之妻，生十日。”
- ^ 郝懿行注《海外西经》：“十日并出，炙杀女丑，于是尧乃命羿射杀九日也。”
- ^ 《淮南子·本经训》：“逮至尧之时，十日并出。焦禾稼，杀草木，而民无所食。猰貐、凿齿、九婴、大风、封豨、修蛇，皆为民害。尧乃使羿诛凿齿于畴华之野，杀九婴于凶水之上，缴大风于青邱之泽，上射十日而下杀猰貐，断修蛇于洞庭，擒封豨于桑林。万民皆喜，置尧以为天子。”王充著《论衡》一书将射日者改换为尧，该书《对作篇》称：“《淮南书》言烛十日。尧时十日并出，尧上射九日。”
- ^ 《太平御览》卷四引《汲冢书》曰：“胤甲居于河西，天有妖孽，十日并出。”
- ^ 李嘉行. 英雄神話：羿. 神话与文学论文选辑2006-2007. 2007.
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