十字军国家
十字军国家（英语：Crusader states/Outremer），指经由十字军东征而建立之拉丁国家[注 1]，他们建立国家时，一般都会将法兰克人那套成熟的采邑制度移植至新征服地，而他们所征服之地区，一般都会同时设立拉丁主教，这些国家之存在，无一例外的都如狂风扫落叶，除了一些因保护殖民城市而建立的碉堡外，一般在人口结构、宗教信仰、文化等等，都无法为这些地区留下深刻影响。
十字军国家主要在两次十字军东征时建立，即第一次十字军东征时征服圣地所建立的几个王国、公国、伯国，包括耶路撒冷王国、安条克公国、的黎波里伯国、埃德萨伯国；以及第四次十字军东征时，征服拜占庭帝国所建立的拉丁帝国及其属国(萨洛尼卡王国、雅典公国、爱琴群岛公国、亚该亚侯国)。
历史背景
公元7世纪初，穆斯林统治者开始扩大自己的领土进入基督教罗马/拜占庭土地，征服埃及和地中海东岸，逐步接管所有的北非，亚洲西南部的大部分，和大部分伊比利亚半岛。
东罗马（或称拜占庭）尽管曾经恢复过失去的领土，但随着时间的推移逐渐失去了所有的安纳托利亚和部分色雷斯和巴尔干半岛。
在西方，罗马天主教的伊比利亚王国北部发动了一系列被称为“神圣活动”的军事行动，从阿拉伯化的柏柏尔人称为摩尔人（他们称之为安达鲁斯）的控制之下重新征服半岛。尽管拟合一般标准，除了瓦伦西亚王国，一般上不习惯将这些伊比利亚君主国称为十字军国家。
注释
参考文献
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延伸阅读
- Holt, Peter Malcolm. The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098-1291. Pearson Longman. 2004 [2021-03-01]. ISBN 978-0-582-36931-3. （原始内容存档于2020-12-08）.
- Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174–1277. The Macmillan Press, 1973.
参见
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