For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 包络线.

包络线

建立曲线族的包络线。

包络线(Envelope)是几何学里的概念,代表一条曲线与某个曲线族中的每条线都有至少一点相切。(曲线族即一些曲线的无穷集,它们有一些特定的关系。)

设一个曲线族的每条曲线可表示为,其中是曲线族的参数是特定曲线的参数。若包络线存在,它是由得出,其中以以下的方程求得:

若曲线族以隐函数形式 表示,其包络线的隐方程,便是求下面两个方程的解x和y之隐函数关系。

绣曲线是包络线的例子。直线族(其中是常数,是直线族的变数)的包络线为抛物线[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

证明

[编辑]

设曲线族的每条曲线

设存在包络线。由于包络线的每点都与曲线族的其中一条曲线的其中一点相切,对于任意的,设表示和包络线相切的那点。由此式可见,是包络线的变数。要求出包络线,就即要求出

的切向量为,其中

在E的切向量为。因为的函数,而此处,局部求导有:

类似地得

因为在该点相切,因此其切向量应平行,故有

其中。可用此两式消去。整理后得:

参考

[编辑]

参见

[编辑]

外部链接

[编辑]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
包络线
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?