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加拿大原住民法律

加拿大原住民法律(英语:Canadian Aboriginal law;法语:Droit autochtone canadien)是加拿大法律体系的一部分,涉及与加拿大原住民有关的各种问题。 [1] 在加拿大语境中,原住民法律(Aboriginal Law)与原住民固有法律(Indigenous Law)为不同概念:原住民固有法律是指原住民族及群体固有的法律传统、惯例及实践;[2] 加拿大原住民法律则是加拿大官方制定的关于宪法承认的原住民土地及传统习俗权利的法律。原住民(Aboriginal)是加拿大宪法中使用的一个术语,包括第一民族因纽特人梅蒂人。 加拿大原住民法律执行和解释加拿大官方与原住民之间的特定条约,并管理他们之间的大部分交往。[3]原住民法律的一个主要领域涉及官方对于原住民的咨询与通融的责任(duty to consult and accommodate)。

法律渊源

原住民法律基于各种成文的和不成文的法律渊源。《1763年英皇文告》是为加拿大(1763年称为“魁北克”)的原住民设立特殊土地权利的基础文件。

1867年宪法法令》第91(24)条赋予联邦议会独家权力,就“印第安人及为印第安人保留的土地”相关事宜订立法律。[4]依据这项权力,该立法机构颁布了《印第安法令》、《第一民族土地管理法令》、[5]《印第安石油及天然气法令》、[6]官方与原住民关系及北方事务部法令》[7],以及《原住民服务部法令》。[8][9]

1982年宪法法令》第二部分承认官方与原住民的条约及原住民土地权利,其中第35条尤为重要。第35条对原住民权利的承认是指惯例中原住民权利的古老渊源。[10]

延伸阅读

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ^ Hogg, Peter W., Constitutional Law of Canada. 2003 Student Ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003, page 631.
  2. ^ John Borrows. Indigenous Legal Traditions in Canada (PDF). Report for the Law Commission of Canada. Law Foundation Chair in Aboriginal Justice and Governance Faculty of Law, University of Victoria. 2006 [2022-01-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-09-06). In Canada, Indigenous legal traditions are separate from but interact with common law and civil law to produce a variety of rights and obligations for Indigenous people....Many Indigenous societies in Canada possess legal traditions. These traditions have indeterminate status in the eyes of many Canadian institutions. 
  3. ^ Campagnolo, Iona, Kyuquot First Nation Community Reception: Remarks by Lieutenant Governor Iona Campagnolo, Office of the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (Victoria: Queen's Printer for British Columbia), 13 January 2005 [29 September 2009], (原始内容存档于2007-09-27) 
  4. ^ Smith, David E. The Republican Option in Canada. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press. 1999: 16. ISBN 0-8020-4469-7. monarchy canada. 
  5. ^ First Nations Land Management Act页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 (S.C. 1999, c. 24).
  6. ^ Indian Oil and Gas Act页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 (R.S.C., 1985, c. I-7).
  7. ^ Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Act页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (S.C. 2019, c. 29, s. 337)
  8. ^ Department of Indigenous Services Act页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (S.C. 2019, c. 29, s. 336).
  9. ^ Elkins, David J. Any Lessons for Us in Australia's Debate? (PDF). Policy Options. May 1999: 23 [10 February 2009]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-10-27). 
  10. ^ Constitution Act, 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Department of Justice. Government of Canada. 1982 [2009-09-18]. (原始内容存档于2007-03-20). 
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加拿大原住民法律
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