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剪力墙

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剪力墙,也叫做抗震墙结构墙耐震壁,一般为钢筋混凝土造,在地震多发地区很常见。

水平荷载是剪力墙的主要荷载,它使剪力墙受剪和受弯。为了满足使用要求,剪力墙往往开有门、窗等孔洞;有些多层、高层房屋的底层需要大开间作门厅、商店、餐厅等时,底层用柱支承,这时称为框支剪力墙

在水平荷载作用下,剪力墙相当于一个底部固定、顶为自由的竖向放置的悬臂梁。与框架相比,剪力墙的抗侧刚度较大,侧移量较小,所以在多、高层房屋中,常布置剪力墙以提高房屋的抗侧刚度。

体系

剪力墙承受竖向、水平荷载,又起围护、分隔的作用。剪力墙一般按照横向布置,楼板搁置在墙上。

高层建筑外墙可采用隔热性能的轻混凝土(陶粒混凝土、膨珠混凝土等)制作成一间一块的预制板;内墙由标号不低于200号的混凝土、大模板或滑膜现浇成墙板。

墙、墙的连接

预制外墙板、现浇内墙板应连成整体、有可靠的连接,以抵抗由于水平力、基础不均匀沉降、温度影响等产生的各种应力。接缝的抗剪主要靠外墙板侧边的混凝土销键、环筋,接缝的抗拉主要靠外墙板的环筋、内横墙的拉结筋。

上下现浇内墙板的连接,采用大模板施工时,上下层间有施工缝,钢筋通过搭接(插筋、弯折、焊网等)保持连续。

墙、楼板的连接

当预制楼板采用带齿的卡口板时,带齿部分应深入横塘;为加强连接,在板的凹口处将板的纵向面筋、底筋伸入墙内,并在其末端做成弯钩。

外部链接

抗震利器〝剪力墙〞页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

参考资料

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剪力墙
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