刚性条款
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宪法或基本法中的刚性条款（英语：entrenched clause, entrenchment clause）是让某些修正案更难以通过或无法通过的规定，导致此类修正案不予受理。刚性条款的修正或废除可能需要超级多数决、公投或少数政党的同意。刚性条款或相似用语出现在巴西、捷克[1]、德国、希腊[2]、印度[3]、伊朗、意大利[4]、摩洛哥[5]、挪威[4]与土耳其的宪法或基本法中。
参考文献
- ^ Kyriaki Topidi and Alexander H. E. Morawa. Constitutional Evolution in Central and Eastern Europe (Studies in Modern Law and Policy). 2010: 105 [2021-01-26]. ISBN 978-1409403272. （原始内容存档于2021-02-15）.
- ^ The official English language translation of the Greek Constitution as of May 27, 2008 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Article 110 §1, p. 124, source: Hellenic Parliament, "The provisions of the Constitution shall be subject to revision with the exception of those which determine the form of government as a Parliamentary Republic and those of articles 2 paragraph 1, 4 paragraphs 1, 4 and 7 , 5 paragraphs 1 and 3, 13 paragraph 1, and 26."
- ^ Changes like Brexit need a super-majority. Times of India Blog. 2016-07-03 [2020-08-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-28） （美国英语）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Joel Colón-Ríos. Weak Constitutionalism: Democratic Legitimacy and the Question of Constituent Power (Routledge Research in Constitutional Law. 2012: 67 [2021-01-22]. ISBN 978-0415671903. （原始内容存档于2021-02-15）.
- ^ Gerhard Robbers. Encyclopedia of World Constitutions. 2006: 626 [2021-01-26]. ISBN 978-0816060788. （原始内容存档于2021-01-07）.
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