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前臼齿

前臼齿
人类的下牙弓,橙色部分为前臼齿
标识字符
拉丁文dentes premolares
MeSHD001641
TA98A05.1.03.006
TA2909
FMAFMA:55637
格雷氏p.1118
解剖学术语

前臼齿(英语:premolar)又称小臼齿前磨牙双尖牙(bicuspid),是哺乳动物口腔中位于犬齿大臼齿之间的牙齿,用于切割和研磨食物,兼具前方犬齿与后方大臼齿的功能;其乳齿成年后会被恒齿替换,为二出齿(一生中先后两次萌出的牙齿)[1];每颗前臼齿上至少有两个齿锥英语Cusp (anatomy)

数目

原始哺乳动物的前臼齿数目各异[1]有袋类上下两侧各有三颗前臼齿[1]有胎盘类上下颌两侧通常各有四颗[1],但狭鼻小目(包含旧世界猴类人猿,也包括人类)的前两对前臼齿多已退化,仅剩第三和第四对前臼齿,因此人类的前臼齿简称作 Pm3、Pm4[2][3](Pm 为前臼齿英文 premolar 的缩写,亦可直接缩写为字母 P,且上颌前臼齿的缩写使用大写字母:P3、P4,下颌前臼齿的缩写使用小写字母:p3、p4)。换言之,人类共有八颗前臼齿,上下颌各两对(四颗)[4][5][6],即上颌第一前臼齿英语Maxillary first premolar上颌第二前臼齿英语Maxillary second premolar下颌第一前臼齿英语Mandibular first premolar下颌第二前臼齿英语Mandibular second premolar[4][6],而其他大部分有胎盘类则共有十六颗前臼齿,上下颌各四对(八颗)。

图册

人类右下牙弓俯视图
成人颅底内面观
成人口腔构造
成人左上颌骨外面观

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 古生物学名词审定委员会 (编). 古生物学名词 (2版). 北京: 科学出版社. 2009 [2021-09-22]. ISBN 978-7-03-025433-7. (原始内容存档于2021-06-04). (简体中文)
  2. ^ Dean, Christopher. "Jaws and teeth". Jones, Steve; Martin, Robert & Pilbeam, David英语David Pilbeam (编). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1994: 56–59. ISBN 978-0-521-32370-3. 平装本ISBN 0-521-46786-1).
  3. ^ Steele, Gentry & Bramblett, Claud. The Anatomy and Biology of the Human Skeleton 需注册. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press英语Texas A&M University Press. 1988: 82. ISBN 978-0-89096326-5.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Warwick, Roger & Williams, Peter L. (编). Gray's Anatomy (35th ed.). London: Longman. 1973: 1218–1220. 
  5. ^ Weiss, M.L. & Mann, A.E. Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective (4th ed.). Boston: Little Brown英语Little, Brown and Company. 1985: 132–135, 198–199. ISBN 978-0-673-39013-4. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Glanze, W.D.; Anderson, K.N. & Anderson, L.E. (编). Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary英语Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions (3rd ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: The C.V. Mosby Co英语Mosby (imprint). 1990: 957. ISBN 978-0-8016-3227-3. 
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前臼齿
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