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刺槐

刺槐
刺槐花
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目: 豆目 Fabales
科: 豆科 Fabaceae
属: 刺槐属 Robinia
种:
刺槐 R. pseudoacacia
二名法
Robinia pseudoacacia

刺槐又名洋槐,是原生于北美洲的一个,但现在被广泛引种到亚洲欧洲等地。汉语名称取自其与同属蝶形花亚科槐属的相似度(刺槐族仅在美洲存在分布);拉丁学名中的种名“pseudoacacia”是假金合欢或假相思树之意,尽管两属同属苏木亚科与洋槐关系甚远。

形态

刺槐可以长到高达27,树干直径到1.6米,树皮厚,暗色,纹裂多;树长25厘米,羽状复叶,由9-19个小叶组成,每个树叶根部有一对1-2毫米长的刺;白色,有香味,穗状花序;果实荚果,每个果荚中有4-10粒种子。刺槐树叶类似槐树,但叶比较薄,半透明,有刺,花色不同,是两者的主要区别。

生态

刺槐喜光,喜温暖湿润气候。在中国黄河中下游、淮河流域和黄土高原背风沟谷、土石山坡的沟谷地、河滩等都能很好生长。从气候上,年降水量600~1200毫米,年均气温10~14℃的环境比较适合刺槐生长。

用途

刺槐对土壤要求不高,部有根瘤菌,有固能力,并可以抵抗污染,所以被广泛引种,作为城市行道树,或防风固沙树种。刺槐也是一种重要的植物。刺槐的木材坚硬,耐腐蚀,木质中含有的类黄酮可以使其在地下埋藏达100年之久,不会腐烂。[1]刺槐木材燃烧缓慢,只有少量的烟,热值高,所以在也适宜用做壁炉燃料,但必须先干燥2至3年。刺槐花可以生吃,或者做成焖饭。但刺槐可以成为蚜虫的宿主,必须注意防范。

参考文献

  1. ^ Black Locust: A Multi-purpose Tree Species for Temperate Climates. [2007-06-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-20). 

外部链接

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刺槐
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