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刘媪

昭灵后(?—?),史称刘媪,一说王含始,汉初直升太上皇刘太公之妻,汉高祖刘邦之母,在汉朝创立时已故。

她事迹不详,只知她嫁与刘太公及生下刘邦。前202年,刘邦即皇帝位,追尊她为昭灵夫人。后来在汉高帝七年(前200年)改称昭灵后

名称

刘媪名称始于《史记》。南梁沈约所编《宋书》记载刘媪名为含始[1]

颜师古认为,刘邦父母本名皆未被记录下来,所以《史记》只称他为太公。后世史书记录的名字,皆是由谶记而来,非正史记录[2]。日本学者佐竹靖彦,认为刘邦家族出身平民,非为贵族,所以本无名字。史书所记载名字,皆是刘邦成为皇帝后才出现的[3]

注释

  1. ^ 《宋书》卷27:汉高帝父曰刘执嘉。执嘉之母,梦赤鸟若龙戏己,而生执嘉,是为太上皇帝。母名含始,是为昭灵后。
  2. ^ 《汉书》卷1〈高帝纪〉:“高祖,……姓刘氏。母媪,……父太公往视……。”集注:“师古曰:‘媪,女老称也,孟音是矣。史家不详著高祖母之姓氐,无得记之,故取当时相呼称号而言也。其下王媪之属,意义皆相同。至如皇博谧等,妄吊谶记,好奇骋博,强为高祖父母名字,皆非正史所说,盖无取焉。宁有刘媪本姓实存,史迁肯不详载?即理而言,断可知矣。他皆类此。’”
  3. ^ 王勇华译,佐竹靖彦著《刘邦》,北京联合出版社,2020年。ISBN 9787559616012

参考资料

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刘媪
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