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切叶蚁属

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美洲切叶蚁属
Atta colombica英语Atta colombica的蚁后
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科: 蚁科 Formicidae
亚科: 家蚁亚科 Myrmicinae
族: 切叶蚁族 Attini
属: 美洲切叶蚁属 Atta
Fabricius, 1805
模式种
Atta cephalotes英语Atta cephalotes
多样性[1]
18个物种
异名
  • Archeatta Gonçalves, 1942
  • Epiatta Borgmeier, 1950
  • Neoatta Gonçalves, 1942
  • Oecodoma Latreille, 1818
  • Palaeatta Borgmeier, 1950

美洲切叶蚁属 (Atta ),亦简称作切叶蚁属,陆译芭切叶蚁,为家蚁亚科,分布于新世界,共有 17 个现生物种,1 个化石物种[2]

与其他蚁类相比,切叶蚁属物种的体型相对较大,呈锈红色或棕色,身体有尖刺和长腿,蚁后的体型一般超过 20 mm。

一般切叶蚁 (leaf-cutter ants) 是指切叶家蚁属和拟切叶家蚁属英语AcromyrmexAcromyrmex英语Acromyrmex,有 34 个物种[2])。

概要

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本属物种展现出高度的形态多形性(morph polyethism)。成熟群体中工蚁可下分为四个阶级,分别为:

  • minims (或 "garden ants",负责照顾菌圃)
  • minors
  • mediae
  • majors(包括工蚁和兵蚁,这和 Natural History Museum 建议的只有三个阶级的讲法不同。)

演化史

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切叶蚁(切叶家蚁属和拟切叶家蚁属)建筑地下菌圃的习性异于其他蚂蚁。切叶家蚁属和拟切叶家蚁属在 1000 万年前从共祖演化而来。TrachymyrmexSericomyrmex 亲缘关系和切叶蚁最为相近,大约于 1700 万年前演化而来[3]。学者推测切叶蚁与真菌共生的模式出现于 5000 万年前[4],也有假说认为其出现于 6600 万年前[4]。切叶蚁作为主食的真菌已丧失产生孢子的能力。学者认为切叶蚁传播相同的真菌分支已经 2500 万年了,意思是真菌必须靠蚂蚁才能繁殖[4]

物种列表

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以下为本属物种[2]

食用

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本属物种是墨西哥菜的一种热门食材,特别是墨西哥南部的州份,例如:恰帕斯州格雷罗州伊达尔戈州普埃布拉州韦拉克鲁斯州

参考文献

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  1. ^ Bolton, B. Atta. AntCat. 2014 [20 July 2014]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-08). 
  3. ^ The Leafcutter Ants. Bert Holldobler. Edward O. Wilson. 2011: 26, 39, 42. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hoyt, Erich. 1996. The Earth Dwellers. Simon & Schuster. New York.

外部链接

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切叶蚁属
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