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垃圾箱类群

垃圾箱类群[1]wastebin/dustbin taxon[2][3]又称废纸篓类元(wastebasket taxon)[4][5]笼统分类单元(catch-all taxon)[6],在生物分类学上指的是包含了大量地位未定物种的类群,这些物种常常缺乏相似性,只因为不知道该如何分类而被放进了这种类群。根据定义,垃圾箱类群是并系群多系群,因而在分支分类学上是不成立的。但是有可能会被保留为演化级的非正式名称。

并系群多系群的例子很多,但它们大多数不是真正的“垃圾箱类群”,垃圾箱类群不仅在系统发育上不是自然类群,而且其往往自建立伊始就不打算代表自然的演化关系,而仅为方便而存在。[7]

这一概念由史蒂芬·古尔德在1985年提出[8][7],但类似的说法更早就已出现;例如,德国鸟类学家恩斯特·哈特尔特在1910年描述画眉科时半开玩笑地说:"Was man nicht unterbringen kann, sieht man als Timalien an."[9](不知道应该怎么分类的鸟就属于画眉科。)

大风子科也是一个典型的垃圾箱类群,其中的物种现在大多被分类至钟花科杨柳科,另有两属单独列为智利藤科[10]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 古脊椎动物与古人类研究所. 叶瑞优 , 编. 古脊椎所等揭晓嵌齿象类谜团----中国科学院. www.cas.cn. 中国科学院. [2022-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-16). 
  2. ^ Friedman, M.; Brazeau, M.D. Sequences, stratigraphy and scenarios: what can we say about the fossil record of the earliest tetrapods?. Proceedings of the Royal Society. 7 February 2011, 278 (1704): 432–439. PMC 3013411可免费查阅. PMID 20739322. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1321. 
  3. ^ Hallam, A.; Wignall, P. B. Mass extinctions and their aftermath. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. 1997: 107 [2024-05-07]. ISBN 978-0-19-854916-1. (原始内容存档于2023-11-28). 
  4. ^ Prothero D R. Systematics[M]//Encyclopedia of paleontology. 1999: 1196.
  5. ^ Russell Tuttle. The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates. Routledge. 2017: 122 [2024-05-07]. ISBN 9781351482530. (原始内容存档于2024-05-07). 
  6. ^ Monks, N. Cladistic analysis of a problematic ammonite group: the Hamitidae (Cretaceous, Albian-Turonian) and proposals for new cladistic terms. Palaeontology. July 2002, 45 (4): 689–707. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45..689M. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00255可免费查阅. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Plotnick, Roy E.; Wagner, Peter J. Round up the Usual Suspects: Common Genera in the Fossil Record and the Nature of Wastebasket Taxa. Paleobiology. 2006, 32 (1): 126–146. JSTOR 4096821. S2CID 86606882. doi:10.1666/04056.1. 
  8. ^ Gould, S. J. Treasures in a taxonomic wastebasket. Natural History. 1985, 94: 22–33. 
  9. ^ Hartert, Ernst. Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel 1. Berlin: R. Friedländer & Sohn. 1910: 469 [2022-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19) (德语). 
  10. ^ Chase, Mark W.; Sue Zmarzty; M. Dolores Lledó; Kenneth J. Wurdack; Susan M. Swensen; Michael F. Fay. When in doubt, put it in Flacourtiaceae: a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on plastid rbcL DNA sequences. Kew Bulletin. 2002, 57 (1): 141–181. JSTOR 4110825. doi:10.2307/4110825. 

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垃圾箱类群
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