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冯驩

冯驩(?—?),《史记》作冯驩,《战国策》作冯谖中国战国时期齐国大臣孟尝君食客

生平

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冯驩很穷困,托人关说欲入孟尝君门下。孟尝君问说客冯驩有何才能或特技,说客回答什么都不会。虽然孟尝君仍收冯驩入门下,但也因此从未召见过冯驩,张罗门客食宿的人听说此事,也给冯驩最低等的饮食待遇。

入门一段时日后,冯驩开始在住处门口弹剑唱歌,歌词内容为要求增加各种待遇,其他门客都认为冯驩无表现却一堆要求,觉得冯驩厚颜无耻而对他讪笑鄙视。孟尝君听说后令人意外的应允冯驩所有要求,他先后求得食马车与老母的退休金后不再唱歌。

冯驩得到自己要的待遇后开始为孟尝君出力,自愿到孟尝君的封地薛邑(今山东省枣庄市一带)收债,还故意问孟尝君收到钱后要顺便买什么。孟尝君不疑有他,回答说:“觉得家中缺什么,就买什么。”到薛邑后,冯驩自作主张将所有当地百姓的借据全部烧掉,百姓免交欠款,欢呼“万岁”。回来后冯驩告诉孟尝君家中不缺任何东西,就是缺“仁义”,所以烧借据,买“仁义”,孟尝君因收不到钱而不悦,但也未因此怪罪冯驩。

一年后,孟尝君遭罢黜,失去齐国相位退回封地,回薛邑时受到民众拥戴欢迎,孟尝君才了解自己已经获得民心,才感谢冯驩当初的用意,从此万分信赖。[1]后来冯驩出使游说魏惠王拜孟尝君为相,又使齐湣王于薛建造宗庙,冯驩以这“狡兔三窟”之计为孟尝君构筑三个避祸的方式,让孟尝君拜相数十年之间,未遇过什么重大危机。

注释

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  1. ^ 史记》·孟尝君列传

延伸阅读

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[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:史记/卷075》,出自司马迁史记

参考资料

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冯驩
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