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冯小青墓

柳亚子祭冯小青碑文,现代复原

冯小青墓,位于孤山北麓,是明代怨女冯小青长眠之处,为后世文人所立,1964年被毁。

历代纪念

冯小青因为才情为正室所不容,在其死后同年便有文人作《小青传》以唱和,这种现象也被研究者称为“冯小青现象”——在明清至民国300多年间,共有4次大规模的诗文唱和,分别是:清代乾隆年间以廖景文为代表的40多名文人,作品尽数收录《遗真记题词》;道光年间陈文述为首的文人集体,作品以《兰因集》辑录流世;后来的咸丰、同治年间又有9名文人唱和,作收《梅花梦题词》;最后民国四年(1915年),柳亚子、李叔同等文人又行古人唱和。[1]

道光年间陈文述将冯小青墓、菊香墓、杨云友墓合为“三女士墓”,墓旁建有兰因馆以祀三人,他向海内诗人索取应和,共有36名诗人作123首诗词以附和,大多数来自江浙地区,同时男性诗人和女性诗人在应和之余有展现出男女视角的差别。[1]日本明治时期汉学家森槐南在其17岁时作《补春天传奇》一文即以本事为背景,想象了陈文述与冯小青、菊香、杨云友三人梦中神交,因而为之修墓的故事。当时,清代周亮工在《书影》中描述“惟是过孤山者,必访小青墓;若过虎丘,必洒酒真娘者”。[2]

民国四年南社众人过孤山访冯小青墓,这也是延续300年的“冯小青现象”最后一次诗文唱和。[3]《西湖新志》载:“柳亚子为冯伶春航立碑小青墓侧,云冯善演小青事,又同是姓冯,凭吊之余,为留片石,志因缘也。”碑文由柳亚子作,当时未出家的李叔同书,立于冯小青墓侧。1964年,小青墓地及碑文俱毁。今天碑文已复原。[4]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 李澜澜. 陈文述重修冯小青墓及《兰因集》修定考论. 名作欣赏. 2016, (35): 87-91 [2020-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-03). 
  2. ^ 王人恩. 日本森槐南《补春天》传奇考论. 西北师大学报:社会科学版. 2003, 40 (3): 62–66 [2020-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-04). 
  3. ^ 李澜澜. 同是不堪身世感,卿嗟命薄我飘零--南社众文人题名冯小青墓考论. 哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报. 2013, (6): 120–123 [2020-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-03). 
  4. ^ 周春燕. 弘一法师出家前曾在西湖边立碑. 杭州日报 7 (杭州日报报业集团). 2005-04-24 (中文(简体)). 
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冯小青墓
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