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六畜

六畜,是中国古代对可饲养的动物所使用的一种术语,是指这六种家畜,一般认为中国人在新石器时代结束前就已经将六畜驯化成功,到了今日物种更多,习俗也是有所演变,一般猪、羊、鸡是作为食用,狗、马、牛是作为劳力,可吃与不可吃的物种也有所变化[1]


语源

“六畜”一词,屡见于《左传》、《周礼》等先秦典籍,最早解释六畜内涵的,是《尔雅》“释畜”,该书中的六畜排列为:马、牛、羊、猪、狗、鸡。《三字经》中将六畜排列为“马、牛、羊、鸡、犬、豕”。

狗的驯化很早,中国的新石器时代就已经出现了驯养的狗,在磁山文化裴李岗文化河姆渡文化的遗址中,都找到了狗的遗骸。

六畜之中,猪的地位很重要,有“六畜兴旺猪为首”的说法。在史前农耕文化中,猪是最重要的家畜,其驯养年代大体和狗相同。河北的徐水南庄头遗址出土了1万年前的家猪遗骸。中国史前文化也有猪崇拜,红山文化出土的玉器红山文化玉龙表明,龙的原形是猪首蛇身。

参见

  1. ^ https://www.hk01.com/%E7%86%B1%E7%88%86%E8%A9%B1%E9%A1%8C/100538/%E7%8B%97%E8%82%89%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E4%BE%86%E5%B7%B2%E6%98%AF%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9
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六畜
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