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公山不狃.
公山不狃(?—?),《论语》作公山弗扰,春秋时代人物,鲁国季孙氏家臣,曾为费邑(今山东费县)宰。孔子在鲁国执政时,推行堕三都政策,公山不狃和叔孙辄被迫造反,攻鲁都曲阜,被孔子击败。公山不狃逃到齐国,又逃到吴国。
简介
季平子去世,他治丧得力,季桓子以他为费邑宰。前502年,和阳虎联合,劫持季桓子。最后失败,阳虎兵败逃亡齐国[1]。公山不狃踞费邑,召孔子前来辅佐,孔子打算前往。子路不同意,孔子说是为了在东方恢复周礼[2]。前498年,孔子为大司寇摄相事,进行“堕三都”;三都就是季孙氏的费邑(今山东费县)、叔孙氏的郈邑(今山东东平)、孟孙氏的成邑(今山东宁阳)。三桓为了打击家臣势力,都表示同意。郈邑被拆毁后,公山不狃在费邑抵抗,率军攻入鲁国国都曲阜,鲁定公和季桓子、孟懿子和叔孙武叔入于季氏之宫,登武子之台,而孔子派申句须、乐颀率军击败公山不狃,公山不狃和叔孙辄逃到齐国[3]。
后来,公山不狃和叔孙辄又到吴国,前487年,吴王夫差准备攻打鲁国,叔孙辄支持。叔孙辄告知公山不狃,公山不狃不同意,认为不能因个人恩怨来伤害祖国故乡。[4]
参考资料
- ^ 《史记·孔子世家》:定公八年,公山不狃不得意于季氏,因阳虎为乱,欲废三桓之适,更立其庶孽阳虎素所善者,遂执季桓子。桓子诈之,得脱。定公九年,阳虎不胜,奔于齐。
- ^ 《论语·阳货》:公山弗扰以费畔,召,子欲往。子路不悦,曰:“末之也已,何必公山氏之之也?”子曰:“夫召我者,而岂徒哉?如有用我者,吾其为东周乎?”
- ^ 《左传·定公十二年》:仲由为季氏宰,将堕三都,于是叔孙氏堕郈。季氏将堕费,公山不狃、叔孙辄帅费人以袭鲁。公与三子入于季氏之宫,登武子之台。费人攻之,弗克。入及公侧。仲尼命申句须、乐颀下,伐之,费人北。国人追之,败诸姑蔑。二子奔齐,遂堕费。
- ^ 《左传·哀公八年》:吴为邾故,将伐鲁,问于叔孙辄。叔孙辄对曰:“鲁有名而无情,伐之,必得志焉。”退而告公山不狃。公山不狃曰:“非礼也。君子违,不适仇国。未臣而有伐之,奔命焉,死之可也。所托也则隐。且夫人之行也,不以所恶废乡。”
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