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全自动手枪

德国鲁格P08手枪(炮兵型)

全自动手枪(英语:fully automatic pistol),也称为自动手枪(英语:automatic pistol)、冲锋手枪(英语:submachine pistol)、突击手枪(英语:assault pistol)或机关手枪(英语:machine pistol,简称MP,源自德语对冲锋枪的称呼德语:maschinenpistole),泛指任何手枪外形、可以进行快速持续射击的自动火器,也可以专指弹匣插入握柄的冲锋枪。

设计

冲锋手枪以弹匣(少部分亦可以使用弹鼓弹夹)供弹,可连发或三发点放,但尺寸和较大型的普通手枪相似,亦可单手作单发射击,但在连发时多是双手握持并配上枪托

冲锋手枪首见于:第一次世界大战德国鲁格P08的炮兵型,和奥匈帝国施泰尔M1912改造枪,前者设有长枪管可配备枪托和32发弹鼓,后者了连发机构配了枪托和改良了弹仓称M1912/P12。

但大量生产的不需要改装的冲锋手枪,一般认为在1932年推出的著名的毛瑟C96手枪M712连发型,可算是第一种冲锋手枪被广泛使用的代表。

勃朗宁发明的双排弹匣普及化,也方便了把普通大型半自动手枪改造成小型冲锋手枪的基础,另一方面是因为冲锋枪使用包络式枪机缩短了全长,进一步小型化也发展成另一类大型冲锋手枪

由于冲锋手枪重量轻、只有手枪式握把,以全自动模式发射大量手枪弹时难以控制命中点。部分生产商的冲锋手枪设计改以三发点放取代全自动模式,HK VP70贝雷塔93R是比较著名的三发点放冲锋手枪。

小型冲锋手枪与一般手枪外型及尺寸非常相似,但可通过机匣上的射击模式选择钮识别,大型冲锋手枪和冲锋枪形状相似,但尺寸上仍然稍小一些,可以透过和使用的人员和其他物品的相对大小识别。

知名型号

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全自动手枪
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