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攒盘 .
民国红木九子盘,绩溪博物馆藏 攒盘 (“攒”注音:ㄘㄨㄢˊ),俗称拼盘 ,有盖的攒盘又称攒盒 ,为汉字文化圈 用于盛放组合式菜或各类果品糕点的传统器具。“攒盘”也可称为全盒 ,有“十全十美”的意思,于是也常用于喜庆场合。
历史
东晋越窑 多子槅,杭州南宋官窑博物馆 藏。此类多子槅为攒盘前身 明代青花瓷 攒盘 攒盘前身是圆形多子槅,早于东晋 出现[1] 。而以多个器具组合而成的攒盘则出现于明代 晚期,盛行于清代康熙年间,多施三彩或五彩。后来传至朝鲜 、越南 、琉球 、日本 等地,朝鲜称为攒盒 (韩语:찬합 / 攢盒 )或折坂 (韩语:절판 / 折坂 ),越南称为部𣛣𡓂 (越南语 :Bộ khay đựng /部𣛣𡓂 )、部𥒦𡓂 (越南语 :Bộ đĩa đựng /部𥒦𡓂 )、部盒𡓂 (越南语 :Bộ hộp đựng /部盒𡓂 )。现仍广泛使用,并流传至世界各地。初期的攒盘由形状不同、数目不等的瓷制小盘拼凑而成(小盘少则五个,多则二十几个),形状有圆形、四方、六方、八方形,乃至梅花形、莲花形、葵花形、菱花形、牡丹花形和叶形等[2] [3] 。其中一个小盘在中央,其余围绕中央小盘。
后来有些攒盘又回到多子槅形式,各小盘不能拆开。传统的攒盘除瓷器外,还有纸张 胎、木 胎的漆器 ,金属器,珐琅 器等,现代的有些是塑胶 、玻璃 制造。
新春用的攒盒
按照习俗,每家人在新春期间都会准备一个全盒。有人拜年 到访时用作款客之用。中国南方人、越南人、琉球人会在里面放各式糖果或糕点,多数还放有一封利市 及一个大桔 ,意思是大吉大利。中国北方人、朝鲜人会放五辛在周围的格,中间放粉皮,称为五辛盘 ,后来演变成春饼 和春卷 。
以攒盘盛载的食品
中国四川 传统食品九色攒盒、朝鲜半岛的传统食品九节坂 ,琉球 传统食品东道盆 都以攒盒为盛器。
现代塑胶制中式攒盒,放上新春糖果,常被称为全盒
现代西方陶瓷攒盘
现代玻璃攒盘
参考文献
^ 郝柯羽. 浅谈多子槅的起源与发展 . 毕业论文网. 2016-12-15 [2018-01-18 ] . (原始内容存档 于2018-01-18) (中文(简体)) .
^ 林正秋、徐海荣. 《中国饮食大辞典》. 杭州: 浙江大学出版社. 1991.
^ 石奎济、石玮. 《景德镇陶瓷词典》. 南昌: 江西人民出版社. 2014.
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