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克鲁族

克鲁族
Kru
克鲁族女性,摄于1906年
分布地区
 利比里亚
 塞拉利昂
 象牙海岸
 利比里亚251,000
 象牙海岸14,000
 塞拉利昂6,000
语言
克鲁语英语Kru languages、利比里亚英语、塞拉利昂英语、几内亚比绍克里奥尔语英语Guinea-Bissau Creole法语非洲法语
宗教信仰
基督教非洲传统宗教英语African traditional religions

克鲁族KruKroo)是西非的一个民族,起源于东利比里亚,并逐渐沿西非海岸迁徙定居,包括塞拉利昂弗里敦、以及科特迪瓦尼日利亚沿海区域。[1]克鲁人以其在大西洋上导向和航行的能力而闻名。他们在西非沿海航行,不断提高其航海专长,以捕鱼和贸易为生。由于他们熟知西非海岸的内陆水体以及丰富的航行经验,贩奴船只以及负责拦截奴隶贸易的美国、英国战舰均选择雇佣他们担任水手、向导以及翻译。 [1]

克鲁族是利比里亚多民族之一,占人口的7%。其主要语言为克鲁语。他们同克兰族和马诺族是利比里亚社会政治活动中最为活跃的三大原住民族。

克鲁族出生的知名人物包括:前任总统、前足球运动员乔治·维阿、现足球运动员威廉·杰波尔以及基督教传道士塞缪尔·莫里斯英语Samuel Kaboo Morris[2]前任总统埃伦·约翰逊·瑟利夫也有克鲁族血统。[3][4]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Juang, Richard M.; Morrissette, Noelle (编). Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a multidisciplinary encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc. 2008: 674. ISBN 978-1-85109-446-2. 
  2. ^ BBC News, Profile: George Weah. BBC News. 2005-11-11 [2012-12-23]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-10). 
  3. ^ Kramer, Reed. Reed Kramer, "Liberia: Showered With Enthusiasm, Liberia's President-Elect Receives High-Level Reception in Washington", AllAfrica.com, 11 December 2005. Allafrica.com. 2008-05-14 [2012-12-23]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-14). 
  4. ^ Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. Britannica.com. [2012-12-23]. (原始内容存档于2011-10-15). 

延伸阅读

  • Baldwin, Lindley, Samuel Morris: Men of Faith Series, Bethany House Publishers, 1942;
  • Behrens, Christine Les Kroumen de la Côte Occidentale d'Afrique, Bordeaux: Centre d'Etudes de Géographie Tropicale, 1974;
  • Brooks, George, The Kru Mariner in the Nineteenth Century: A Historical Compendium, Newark,Del., 1972 (Liberian Studies Monograph Series no.1);
  • Davis, Ronald, Ethnohistorical Studies on the Kru Coast, Newark, Del., 1976 (Liberian Studies Monograph Series no.5);
  • Fraenkel, Merran, Tribe and Class in Monrovia, New York-London: OUP, 1964;
  • Mekeel, Scudder, "Social Administration of the Kru: A Preliminary Survey", Africa 10 (1937) 75-96; 11 (460-68);
  • Massing, Andreas W., The Economic Anthropology of the Kru, Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1980 (Studien zur Kulturkunde 55);
  • Massing, Andreas W., Kru, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History, vol.2, 306-309, New York, 2007;
  • Schwartz, Alfred, Peuplement Autochthone et Immigration dans le Sud-Ouest Ivoirien, Abidjan: ORSTOM, 1973;
  • Tauxier, Louis, Les Kroomen de la Forêt de Côte d'Ivoire, Paris: Larose, 1935;
  • Zetterström, Kjell, Ethnographic Survey of Southeastern Liberia: Preliminary Report on the Kru, Robertsport: Centre of African Culture, 1969
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克鲁族
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