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克里特土耳其人

克里特土耳其人,又称克里特穆斯林,是希腊克里特岛的穆斯林居民(直到1923年前),现在多分布于土耳其多德卡尼斯群岛叙利亚黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦利比亚

克里特土耳其人祖先多是希腊人,一些人是在奥斯曼统治克里特岛时来到定居的土耳其人后裔。许多克里特岛希腊人在奥斯曼征服克里特岛之后转向伊斯兰教。

克里特的希腊裔穆斯林继续说克里特岛希腊语。 然而,克里特的基督教希腊人称他们为“土耳其人”作为“穆斯林”的同义词,因为克里特岛穆斯林已经放弃了对东正教教会的忠诚。在基督徒口中他们经常被称为“突厥克里特人,欧洲旅行者的记载指出,克里特岛的”土耳其人“ 也称自己是土耳其-鲁姆人。

19世纪的教派暴力导致许多克里特土耳其人离开克里特岛,尤其是在希土战争 (1897年)的期间,并且在克里特岛于1908年单方面宣布与希腊联合统治后。最后,在1919-1922年希腊 -土耳其战争和土耳其独立战争之后,根据“洛桑条约”(1923年)的规定,剩下的克里特岛的穆斯林被强制换成安纳托利亚的希腊裔基督徒。

在所有时期,大多数克里特岛穆斯林是讲希腊语的,但是穆斯林城市上层阶级的行政语言和声望语言是奥斯曼土耳其语

虽然大多数克里特岛土耳其人是逊尼派穆斯林,但在奥斯曼统治下克里特岛的伊斯兰教深受拜克塔什教团的影响。

延伸阅读

  • Saba Altınsay. Kritimu: Girit'im benim – novellized souvenirs. Can Yayinlari. 2004. ISBN 978-975-07-0424-6. 
  • Ahmet Yorulmaz. Savaşın çocukları (Children of the war) - novellized souvenirs. Remzi Kitabevi. 2002. ISBN 975-14-0847-4. 
  • Mustafa Olpak. Kenya - Girit - İstanbul Köle Kıyısından İnsan Biyografileri (Human biographies from the shores of slavery of Kenya, Crete and Istanbul). Ozan Yayıncılık. 2005. ISBN 975-7891-80-0. 
  • Mustafa Olpak. Kenya'dan İstanbul'a Köle Kıyısı (Shores of slavery from Kenya to Istanbul). Ozan Yayıncılık. 2005. ISBN 978-975-01103-4-4. 
  • İzmir Life magazine, June 2003
  • Nükhet Adıyeke & Nuri Adıyeke, Fethinden Kaybına Girit (Crete from its conquest to its loss), Babıali Kültür Yayıncılığı, 2007
  • Michael Herzfeld, A Place in History: Social and Monumental Time in a Cretan Town, Princeton University Press, 1991
  • Michael Herzfeld, "Of language and land tenure: The transmission of property and information in autonomous Crete", Social Anthropology 7:7:223-237 (1999),
  • Richard Clogg, A Concise History of Greece, Cambridge University Press, 2002
  • Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911), s.v. Crete; La Grande Encyclopédie (1886), s.v. Crète
  • Kemal Özbayri and Emmanuel Zakhos-Papazahariou, "Documents de tradition orale des Turcs d'origine crétoise: Documents relatifs à l'Islam crétois" Turcica VIII/I (5), pp. 70–86 (not seen)
  • Molly Greene, A Shared World: Christians and Muslims in the Early Modern Mediterranean, Princeton, 2000. ISBN 0-691-00898-1
  • A. Lily Macrakis, Cretan Rebel: Eleftherios Venizelos in Ottoman Crete, PhD Dissertation, Harvard University, 1983.
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克里特土耳其人
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