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儒生

儒生,在上古时代是专门职业人才,从事国家祭祀的礼仪,也就是祭司。他们世代相传,将古老的典章制度、历史记录保留下来。到孔子的时候,集历代之大成,整理了易经尚书礼乐诗经春秋五大经典,也称“五经”。狭义儒生指信奉这些儒家经典的人。《论衡·超奇》:“能说一经者为儒生。” 广义儒生指精通经典和知识渊博的读书人。

老师沿革

中国君主从汉朝武帝开始,开始重用儒生作为治理国家的文官体系人才,而儒生也把治理国家当作实现其自我价值的主要信条,最高目标为“位极人”,即当宰相。《礼记·大学》:“物格而后知至,知至而后意诚,意诚而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齐,家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平。 ”隋朝创立了招聘政府文官的科举制度,以儒家经典作为考题依据,并设立不同阶段的“学位”:秀才举人进士等。李朝威柳毅传》:“仪凤中,有儒生柳毅者,应举下第。”从此儒生有了明显的身份标志。

儒生是古代中国官僚集团主要成分,对中国古代历史发生了深远影响。在历史上,儒家“舍身取信念吸引了一批优秀社会精英;而另一方面因为科举制度的实行,做儒生可以升,也吸引了一批逐利之徒,令儒生群体严重腐败。清朝作家吴敬梓著的《儒林外史》就是讽刺清代儒生迷恋做官的长篇小说。

在秦始皇时期,儒生方士大量被屠杀史称坑儒

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儒生
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