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伦巴第人

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伦巴第人拉丁语Langobardi/意大利语Longobardi)是日耳曼人的一支,起源于斯堪的纳维亚,今瑞典南部。经过约4个世纪的民族大迁徙,伦巴第人最后到达并占据了亚平宁半岛(今日意大利)的北部。

公元1世纪时,他们已从斯堪的纳维亚迁居日耳曼尼亚西北部的萨克森一带。当时在公元98年,古罗马历史学家塔西佗早已在其作《日耳曼尼亚志》中有了对那时居住在今日德国易北河下游伦巴第人的记载。5世纪末时,伦巴第人分布到今日所谓奥地利的地区。6世纪初,他们到达潘诺尼亚,今日的匈牙利西部和斯洛伐克

568年春,在阿尔博因的领导下,伦巴第人联合其他日耳曼族群翻越阿尔卑斯山脉攻占意大利北部。

7世纪,洛塔列(636年-652年在位)主持编纂了伦巴第王国第一部成文法──《伦巴第法典》(又名《洛塔列法典》)。

8世纪时,利乌特普兰德逐渐征服仍处于东罗马帝国统治下的意大利地区。当伦巴第国王入侵罗马教宗的辖区时,教宗斯德望二世向法兰克国王丕平三世求援,756年丕平出兵打败伦巴第人,相传丕平把夺回的领土献给教宗,成立了教宗国,史称“丕平献土”。

773年丕平三世的儿子查理大帝查理曼)包围了伦巴第首都提契努姆(今帕维亚),并俘获了伦巴第国王狄西德里乌斯(同时他也是查理大帝的岳父),结果查理大帝兼任法兰克和伦巴第国王,伦巴第人对意大利的统治自此结束。

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伦巴第人
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