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俚人

俚人中国南方古代民族,是发源于广东西南境内古越人的一支骆越分支,东汉改称“里人”。

历史

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俚人最早见于范晔后汉书》卷八十六·南蛮西南夷列传第七十六记载[1]

建武十二年(公元36年),九真徼外蛮里张游,率种人慕化内附,封为归汉里君。(唐朝章怀太子李贤注曰:“里,之别号,今呼为俚人”。)明年,南越徼外蛮夷献白雉、白菟。至十六年,交址女子征侧及其妹征贰反,攻郡。”

“征侧者,麊泠县雒将之女也。嫁为朱佞人诗索妻,甚雄勇。交址太守苏定以法绳之,侧忿,故反。于是九真、日南、合浦蛮里皆应之,凡略六十五城,自立为王。交址刺史及诸太守仅得自守。光武乃诏长沙、合浦、交址具车船,修道桥,通障溪,储粮谷。十八年,遣伏波将军马援、楼船将军段志,发长沙、桂阳、零陵、苍梧兵万余人讨之。明年夏四月,援破交址,斩征侧、征贰等,余皆降散。进击九真贼都阳等,破降之。徙其渠帅三百余口于零陵。于是领表悉平。”

俚人是东汉五代时分布在今广西壮族自治区东南部、广东省西南部和北部,以及湖南省零陵武夷地区的一个古代民族,属南越族后裔的分支之一。《南州异物志》称:“广州南有贼曰。此贼在广州之南,苍梧郁林合浦、宁浦(今广西横县)、高梁(今广东阳江等地)五郡皆有之,地方数千里”。

至唐代,“”开始替代“”,到宋代“”的族称完全被“”取代。顾炎武在《天下郡国利病书》引《南裔异物志》指出: “广州之南,俗呼”,同时提出在唐代史书中常见的“俚僚”,在宋代却写作“黎僚”,说明“”、“”概念的演变和传承,“”即是“”的直接继承名称,但是“”已经演变成特指以海南为活动中心的向南发展的俚人的一支了,也就是今日的黎族。留在粤西茂名一带的俚人多数已经融入汉族,成为汉族的一部分,而另一支留在广西一带的俚人在融入僚人,成为壮族布依族民族的一部分。

  1. ^ 后汉书·卷八十六·南蛮西南夷列传第七十六
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俚人
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