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侨置

侨置中国古代一种特殊的行政区划管理制度。

简介

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公元四世纪初,各少数民族在中国北方建立起割据政权,对居住在北方之汉人实施暴虐统治;北方汉人不堪少数民族贵族压迫,纷纷南逃,以后仍称原籍郡名以资识别[1]:71东晋政府为安慰民心,就在其所迁移之地方,冠以旧居住地之地名,建立侨州侨郡侨县[1]:71

晋元帝大兴三年(公元320年),琅邪国(今山东临沂县蒙阴县)侨置怀德县丹阳郡(今江苏南京市),为侨置制度之始[1]:71

例子

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如313年,高句丽进攻乐浪郡,据有乐浪、带方二郡的张统因不堪长期孤军与高句丽、百济作战而率千余家迁到辽西投靠鲜卑人慕容廆。慕容廆后为其在辽西侨置乐浪郡(《资治通鉴》卷八八,建兴元年条)。

南北朝时,南朝北朝都有一些相似或者相同的地名。如晋朝兖州原在今山东境内,后在广陵(今扬州附近)设置了南兖州徐州原在今苏北,后在丹徒设置了南徐州。这样就出现了南北两朝都设置兖州徐州扬州等。《南史·王玄谟传》:“雍土多诸侨寓,玄谟上言,所统侨郡无有境土,新旧错乱,租课不时,宜加并合。”《北史·寇赞传》:“进赞爵河南公,加安南将军,领南蛮校尉,仍刺史,分洛、豫二州之侨郡以益之。”

参见

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参考文献

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引用

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 程幸超. 《中國地方政府》. 香港: 中华书局. 1987. 

书籍

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侨置
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