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伯努利不等式

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数学中的伯努利不等式指出:对任意整数,和任意实数有:

如果且是偶数,则不等式对任意实数成立。

可以看到在,或时等号成立,而对任意正整数和任意实数,有严格不等式:

伯努利不等式经常用作证明其他不等式的关键步骤。

证明和推广

伯努利不等式可以用数学归纳法证明:当,不等式明显成立。假设不等式对正整数,实数时成立,那么

下面是推广到实数的版本:如果,那么:

,有
,有

这不等式可以用导数比较来证明:

时,等式显然成立。

上定义,其中, 对求导得, 则当且仅当。分情况讨论:

  1. ,则对;对。因此时取最大值,故得
  2. ,则对;对。因此时取最小值,故得

在这两种情况,等号成立当且仅当

相关不等式

下述不等式从另一边估计:对任意,都有

我们知道),因此这个不等式是平凡的。

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伯努利不等式
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