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伊什塔尔城门

柏林帕加马博物馆的伊丝塔城门重建品
原牛和花

伊丝塔城门(亚述语: ܕܵܪܘܲܐܙܲܐ ܕܥܵܐܫܬܲܪ  : Darwaza D'Ishtar, 阿拉伯语:بوابة عشتار)是巴比伦内城的8个城门之一,大约公元前575年,尼布甲尼撒二世下令在城市北侧修建。

这座城门供奉巴比伦女神伊丝塔,蓝色琉璃瓦,上面交替排列着“怒蛇”()和原牛浮雕

此城门为巴比伦城墙的一部分,曾被视为古代世界七大奇迹之一,直到公元6世纪为亚历山大灯塔所取代。

1930年代,在德国柏林博物馆岛佩加蒙博物馆,修建了伊什塔尔城门及游行大街的重建品。它高14米,宽30米。此门其实是一个双门,今天在佩加蒙博物馆展示的只是较小的前门,后门囿于博物馆面积的限制仍保留在仓库中没有修复。

在世界各地的许多博物馆,都有伊什塔尔城门的一部分及游行大街的狮子。但只有四个博物馆收藏了龙。其中伊斯坦布尔考古博物馆有狮子、龙和公牛;丹麦哥本哈根新嘉士伯美术馆有一条龙、一头狮子、一头原牛;底特律艺术学院有一条龙;瑞典哥德堡Röhsska博物馆有一条龙和一只狮子。巴黎卢浮宫、慕尼黑国立埃及艺术博物馆、多伦多皇家安大略博物馆、费城宾夕法尼亚大学考古学和人类学博物馆、纽约大都会艺术博物馆、芝加哥东方学院、罗得岛设计学院博物馆、波士顿美术馆以及康涅狄格州纽黑文耶鲁大学美术馆,都拥有狮子。

萨达姆·侯赛因在伊拉克也修建了伊丝塔城门一个较小的复制品,作为一个尚未完成的博物馆的入口,但是在伊拉克战争中受到了损坏。

参考文献

  • Matson, F.R., Compositional Studies of the Glazed Brick from the Ishtar Gate at Babylon, Museum of Fine Arts. The Research Laboratory, 1985, ISBN 978-0-87846-255-1 

外部链接

32°32′36″N 44°25′20″E / 32.54333°N 44.42222°E / 32.54333; 44.42222

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伊什塔尔城门
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