创业
创业（英语：entrepreneurship）指开创新事业。近几年最常见形式是开创新商业（俗称创业公司）。尽管如此，这术语已被扩展到在社会和政治上的企业家活动。当企业家精神用来描述在公司或大型公司组织内部的活动[注 1]，就称“新创事业”（intrapreneurship）[1]。
根据全球企业家监测的企业家学者和创建者Paul Reynolds所述：“到目前，在美国所有工作的人在他们退休时，其中半数人可能有过一到多年自我雇佣的时段；四分之一人很可能从事于自我雇佣超过六年之久。在美国工人的职业规划中，开创一份新事业是很司空见惯的。”[2]
国家/地区
[编辑]中国
[编辑]- 中国的新创企业统计中，大部分的新创事业度不过四年的风险期，据数据统计2017年度有150家新创企业倒闭。[3]
香港
[编辑]开创新事业的常见方式分别有生意买卖及连锁加盟，有部分香港人会透过生意转让顾问[4]及特许加盟顾问寻找创业意见。
注释
[编辑]- ^ 英文 enterprise 除可解作企业、公司，也有进取、冒险之意。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Scott Andrew Shane. A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: the Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Edward Elgar Publishing. 2003. ISBN 1843769964.
- ^ Paul D. Reynolds. Entrepreneurship in the United States: The Future Is Now. Springer. 2010. ISBN 1441942750.
- ^ [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）新创企业难捱过4年图╱本报资料照片 2017年10月15日 04:10 工商时报 赖莹绮
- ^ 香港创业顾问服务有限公司 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），2020年9月
参见
[编辑]延伸读物
[编辑]
维基教科书中的相关电子教程：Entrepreneurship
- Blackburn, Robert. Small Business and Entrepreneurship. 2008. ISBN 9781412934374. doi:10.4135/9781446263433.
- Bowman, Erik. Entrepreneur Training Manual, Third Edition: Certified Entrepreneur Workbook. Guanzi Institute Press. July 2011 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-9837862-9-0. （原始内容存档于2020-09-22）.
- Deakins, D.; Freel, M. S. Entrepreneurial activity, the economy and the importance of small firms. Entrepreneurship and small firms. McGraw-Hill Education. 2009 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-07-712162-4. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20）.
- Dana, Leo Paul 2010, "Nunavik, Arctic Quebec: Where Co-operatives Supplement Entrepreneurship," Global Business and Economics Review 12 (1/2), January 2010, pp. 42–71.
- Duening, Thomas N.; Hisrich, Robert A.; Lechter, Michael A. Technology Entrepreneurship: Creating, Capturing, and Protecting Value. Academic Press. 21 October 2009 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-08-092288-1. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
- Entrepreneurship Resources: http://www.entrepreneurship.org/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Entrepreneurship Lesson Plan http://www.econedlink.org/teacher-lesson/228s （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Foo, M.D. Emotions and entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2011, 35 (2): 375–393.
- James W. Halloran. Your Small Business Adventure: Finding Your Niche and Growing a Successful Business. ALA/Huron Street Press. 2014. ISBN 978-1-937589-44-8.
- Leitão, João; Baptista, Rui. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship: A European Perspective. Springer Science Business Media. 10 June 2009 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4419-0249-8. （原始内容存档于2020-09-29）.
- Lundstrom, Anders; Stevenson, Lois A. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice. Springer. 30 March 2005 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-387-24140-1. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
- Minniti, M.; Moren, L. Entrepreneurial types and economic growth. Journal of Business Venturing. 2010, 25 (3): 305–314 [2016-10-23]. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.002. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
- Shane, S.; Venkataraman, S. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as A Field of Research. Academy of Management Review. 2000, 25 (1): 217–226. JSTOR 259271. doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791611.
- Shane, S. The genetics of entrepreneurial performance. International Small Business Journal. 2013, 31 (5): 473–495. doi:10.1177/0266242613485767.
- Sobel, Russell S. Entrepreneurship. David R. Henderson (ed.) (编). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 2nd. Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty. 2008 [2016-10-23]. ISBN 978-0-86597-665-8. OCLC 237794267. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）.
- Swedberg, Richard. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View. Stockholm University. 1998 [2022-08-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
- Zahra, Shaker A. A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing. 2009, 24 (5): 519–532. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007.
- Zhang, S.X.; Cueto, J. The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2015: n/a [2016-10-23]. doi:10.1111/etap.12212. （原始内容存档于2015-12-08）.
- Tony Bailetti. Technology Entrepreneurship: Overview, Definition, and Distinctive Aspects. Technology Innovation Management Review. February 2012 [23 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-20） （英语）.
- Dr Thomas N. Duening, Robert D. Hisrich, Michael A Lechter, Esq. Technology Entrepreneurship: Value Creation, Protection, and Capture. Academic Press. 2009. ISBN 0123745020 （英语）.
- Jessica Livingston. Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days. Apress. 2007. ISBN 1590597141 （英语）.
- Anders Lundstrom, Lois A. Stevenson. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice. Springer. 2005. ISBN 038724140X （英语）.
- Richard Swedberg. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View. Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 019829462X （英语）.
- João Leitão, Rui Baptista. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship. Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-0248-1 （英语）.
外部链接
[编辑]- 开创新事业 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - 美国国家税务局 （英文）
- The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation 创业基金 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（英文）
- Entrepreneurship.gov（英文）
- 杜克大学创业101视频系列 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（英文）
- 斯坦福大学的哦创业角2000个视频和视听资料 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（英文）
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