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孟懿子.
孟懿子(?—前481年),姬姓,鲁国孟孙氏第9代宗主,名何忌,世称仲孙何忌,谥号懿,是孟僖子的儿子,南宫敬叔的哥哥。母亲泉丘人之女[1]。
鲁昭公七年(前535年),孟僖子临终之前,让孟懿子、南宫敬叔都要将孔子作为老师[2]。
鲁昭公二十五年(前517年),鲁昭公在郈昭伯的怂恿下,讨伐季平子,季平子被围困在高台上。孟懿子支持季平子,将郈昭伯斩杀于南门之西。[3]鲁昭公流亡到齐鲁之交的郓地和干侯。二十七年(前515),阳虎和孟懿子一起来讨伐鲁昭公所在的郓地,郓地人打算迎战。陪同鲁昭公的子家懿伯说:“天命已经在季氏很久了,恐怕难以抵挡的。”昭公的亲兵果然吃了败仗。鲁定公十二年(前498年),孔子为大司寇“摄相事”,进行堕三都。三都就是季孙氏的费邑(今山东费县)、叔孙氏的郈邑(今山东东平)、孟孙氏的成邑(今山东宁阳)。三桓为了打击家臣势力,都表示同意。郈邑被拆毁,费邑宰公山不狃叛乱被平定。孟懿子在郕邑宰公敛处父的劝说下,抵制堕郕邑。季孙斯和叔孙州仇转而支持孟孙,堕三都失败。孟懿子曾向孔子问孝,孔子曰:“无违。”(生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。)[4]鲁哀公十四年(前481年)八月辛丑,仲孙何忌去世。
参考文献
- ^ 《左传·昭公十一年》:泉丘人有女梦以其帷幕孟氏之庙,遂奔僖子,其僚従之。盟于清丘之社,曰:“有子,无相弃也。”僖子使助薳氏之簉。反自祲祥,宿于薳氏,生懿子及南宫敬叔于泉丘人。其僚无子,使字敬叔。
- ^ 《左传·昭公七年》:及其将死也,召其大夫曰:“礼,人之干也。无礼,无以立。吾闻将有达者曰孔丘,圣人之后也,而灭于宋。其祖弗父何,以有宋而授厉公。及正考父,佐戴、武、宣,三命兹益共。故其鼎铭云:‘一命而偻,再命而伛,三命而俯。循墙而走,亦莫余敢侮。𫗴是,鬻于是,以糊余口。’其共也如是。臧孙纥有言曰:‘圣人有明德者,若不当世,其后必有达人。’今其将在孔丘乎?我若获没,必属说与何忌于夫子,使事之,而学礼焉,以定其位。”故孟懿子与南宫敬叔师事仲尼。
- ^ 《左传·昭公二十五年》:九月戊戌,伐季氏,杀公之于门,遂入之。平子登台而请曰:“君不察臣之罪,使有司讨臣以干戈,臣请待于沂上以察罪。”弗许。请囚于费,弗许。请以五乘亡,弗许。……郈孙曰:“必杀之。”公使郈孙逆孟懿子。叔孙氏之司马鬷戾言于其众曰:“若之何?”莫对。又曰:“我,家臣也,不敢知国。凡有季氏与无,于我孰利?”皆曰:“无季氏,是无叔孙氏也。”鬷戾曰:“然则救诸!”帅徒以往,陷西北隅以入。公徒释甲,执冰而踞。遂逐之。孟氏使登西北隅,以望季氏。见叔孙氏之旌,以告。孟氏执郈昭伯,杀之于南门之西,遂伐公徒。
- ^ 《论语·为政第二》:孟懿子问孝。子曰:“无违”。樊迟御,子告之曰:“孟孙问孝于我,我对曰‘无违。’”樊迟曰:“何谓也?”子曰:“生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。”
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