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代数同态

AB两个K-多元环之间的同态是指一个函数,此函数能使得对所有在K内的k和在A内的xy来说,

  • F(kx) = kF(x)
  • F(x + y) = F(x) + F(y)
  • F(xy) = F(x)F(y)

F双射的,则F称为是AB之间的同构

例子

[编辑]

A=K[x]为在一个体K上的所有多项式所组成的集合,且B为一个在K上所有多项式函数所组成的集合,则AB两个都会是在K上分别由标准的多项式和函数的乘法及加法所构成的代数。可以将每个在A内的的方式映射至于B内的。很简单便可以知道这个映射会是一个AB两个代数之间的同态。若K是一个有限体的话,则可令

其中p是一个在K[x]内的非零多项式。但对所有在K内的t,所以其映射都会是一个零值函数,这两个代数因此不会是同构的。

K是无限的,则令。接下来要证明这会使得。设Kn+1个不同的元素,则对都会有。再利用拉格朗日插值便能得到。因此映射是单射的,故而有一个在AB之间的同构。

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代数同态
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