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代数方程

代数方程未知数常数进行有限次代数运算所组成的方程。代数方程包括有理方程和无理方程。有理方程又包括整式方程与分式方程。

解法

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一元一次方程都可化为其标准形式)。解一元一次方程通常使用以下五步进行求解:“去分母”、“去括号”、“移项”、“合并同类项”、“系数化为1”。

解一元次方程(为正整数)往往可以通过因式分解,化为个一次因式的乘积,进而解出方程所有的

另外,二次方程三次方程四次方程可以利用方程求解公式求出其所有的根。然而,伽罗瓦理论指出,对于五次及其以上的一元整式方程,并不存在通用的求根公式。

根据代数基本定理,任意复系数一元次方程有且仅有个根(为正整数),重根按重数计。

分式方程通常先将方程两边乘以其分数项的最简公分母,化为整式方程。再解这个整式方程。最后剔除使原方程分母为0的所有根。剩下的根即为原方程的根。

解无理方程先将被开方式中带有未知数的项移到等号的一边,将常数项移到等号的另一边。再两边乘方,去掉根号,化为有理方程。最后剔除使原方程被开方式小于0的所有根。剩下的根即为原方程的根。

可见,由于分式中分母不为0,根式中被开方式大于或等于0,因此分式方程与无理方程都有可能产生“增根”。所以,有的分式方程与无理方程没有解。

参见

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外部链接

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代数方程
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