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亦纳勒术

亦纳勒术波斯语اینالچق‎,罗马化Inalchuk,1165年—1220年),中亚花剌子模国讹答剌城守将,康里人。拉施德丁的《史集》把他写作亦纳勒出黑(inalcuq),可以是一种爵位-郡王,也可以是称号-心腹、宠臣。《元史》记为哈只儿·只兰秃(Qajar jinaltuq),是他的汗号与称号所组成,是突厥-钦察语方言转引入蒙古语之后的变音。[1]

史集说亦纳勒术是图儿干合敦的亲人,老花剌子模王塔乞失下诏称其为“吾儿”。他可能是阿拉乌丁·摩诃末沙的异母弟,或是表兄弟。其突厥名为牙罕·脱黑迪,意思是大象降生。伊斯兰教名是塔札丁。他被封为讹答剌城的海儿汗قادرخان‎,卡迪儿汗),即是有权力而可怕的汗。[2]

一次一个由回回人组成的蒙古帝国成吉思汗的商队途经讹答剌城,其领头是一个印度商人。这人不称亦纳勒术为海儿汗,仍称呼他为亦纳勒术。亦纳勒术见财起意,将商人诬陷为奸细,下令拘捕全部商人,并报告苏丹。苏丹命他拘留,但海儿汗自作主张杀了商人,没收货物并送到布哈拉转售,但有一位骆驼伕侥幸逃回蒙古。

成吉思汗要求花剌子模交出海儿汗,但因为海儿汗是太后的侄儿,所以成吉思汗的要求被拒绝。史家认为,是海儿汗杀死商队而引起蒙古帝国的西征[2]

后来讹答剌城在1220年2月破城,成吉思汗在撒马尔罕附近的阔克萨莱(属布哈拉)用被熔化的银液灌进亦纳勒术的眼睛,为商队报仇,讹答剌也成了废墟。

资料来源

[编辑]
  1. ^ 何启龙:〈审音与勘同:《世界征服者史》Ghayir inalcuq 与《元史》哈只儿只兰秃的再研究〉,《元史及民族与边疆研究集刊》,第二十辑 (2008年),页67-81。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Svat Soucek. A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. 2002: 106. ISBN 0-521-65704-0. 
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亦纳勒术
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