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二次电子

二次电子(Secondary electrons),又称次级电子,是描述物体表面被一主要辐射照射后,发射出的低能量产物电子。该主要辐射可以是具有足够能量离子电子或是光子。二次电子属于二次发射英语secondary emission的一种。

原理

低能量电子的平均自由程

电子固体里的非弹性平均自由程(inelastic mean free path) 通常是具有普遍性,也就是说无关于什么材料[1]。这个距离对金属来说,通常是在几纳米内;对绝缘体来说,在十几纳米内,一般来说距离越小测量精度越高[2][3]。而对低能量的电子(< 5eV)来说,则有更长的平均自由程

应用

二次电子的原理被应用在电子倍增管光电倍增管微通道板法拉第杯戴利侦测器等侦测元件,也用在扫描电子显微镜

另见

参考文献

  1. ^ Zangwill, A., Physics At Surfaces, Cambridge University Press: p21, 1988 
  2. ^ Seiler, H. Secondary electron emission in the scanning electron microscope. Journal of Applied Physics. 1983-11, 54 (11): R1–R18. doi:10.1063/1.332840. 
  3. ^ Cazaux, Jacques. Some considerations on the secondary electron emission, δ, from e− irradiated insulators. Journal of Applied Physics. 1999-01-15, 85 (2): 1137–1147. doi:10.1063/1.369239. 
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二次电子
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