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二元对立

二元对立是指一对彼此有关但意义完全相反的概念[1],二元对立最经典的例子,是理性(rational)与感性(emotional)的二分;而在西方哲学中,理性一向比感性获得更高的评价。另一个例子,是存在(presence)与缺少(absence)的二分;同样地,前者在西方哲学中的地位远高于后者。这些对立的“理念”之间有相似性,例如前述的理性、存在,和很多其他的如男性(与女性对立)、说话能力(speech)(与写作能力(writing)对立)。

后女性主义后殖民主义后无政府主义批判种族理论就以二元对立论为例子进行批判。批评者认为,对于很多概念,如男性/女性、文明/野蛮、白种人/有色人种的二分,为西方白种“文明人”的霸权白人优越主义)提供了借口。

后结构主义者对二元对立论的批判,并不是单单持相反立场,而着眼于它的解体,而这种解构被视为非政治化的——意思是,在本质上,它对二元对立的任何一方都没有偏袒。在一对二元对立的理论被视为自我矛盾,而其价值相应下降的时候,理论便会自动解体。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Smith, G. Binary opposition and sexual power in Paradise Lost. Midwest Quarterly. 1996, 27 (4): 383. 
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二元对立
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