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乱世

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乱世,意即国家混乱、分裂的时代[1]。在中国历史上是历代政权的状态和里程碑之一。乱世之后通常是政权消亡,或者是有能君主的中兴

乱世之中,往往会有英雄出现并把国家带入盛世,创立新政权。所以乱世常在朝代交替之间。而盛世则是与乱世相反的状态,亦即兴旺繁盛的时代。

乱世的直接原因不外乎政权被外族入侵、内部割据、贪污腐败、宦官外戚专权。秦统一天下之前的春秋战国时期,诸侯国相互征伐,战争不断,故有“春秋无义战”之说。因此春秋战国被视为乱世[1]。此后中国长时间分裂,如三国-魏晋南北朝五代十国-宋辽金夏等亦会称为乱世。

乱世与战争民变政变关系密切,但并不直接等于乱世。直接并深远影响到民生的才算是乱世。中国传统观念中,解决乱世的方法是“乱世用重典[2]:44

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 胡恒. 张炜:乱世的挣扎. 编辑:史佳林. 新民网,来源:新民晚报. 2016-04-28 [2022-10-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-03) (简体中文). 
  2. ^ 倪健民. 《盛世“重典”论》. 人民论坛 (北京市: 人民日报社). 1996, (1996年第4期): 44. ISSN 1004-3381 (简体中文). 

参见

  • 中国历代乱世
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乱世
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