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九龙关

九龙关(英语:Kowloon Customs),俗称“新关”或“洋关”,在末时期设立于香港九龙边界的海关。九龙关属当时的中国粤海关属下之分关,由洋人管理,职责是监察船只的海上活动和走私活动[1]

历史

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1853年,上海发生太平天国反清复明起义,民众捣毁了清政府在上海设立的常关 (上海江海关),外国商人因而成立由洋人管理的中国海关,自行收集税款再移交清政府。

之后新关最初在上海的江海关成立。由于新关使用现代管理方式及廉洁的作风,税收成效十分明显。因此,清政府各通商口岸相继成立新关,逐步取替常关,继续由洋人管理。

香港的海关始设于清末1887年,主要职能是征收鸦片关税和厘金,以及打击以香港为基地的鸦片走私活动。

九龙半岛已经于1860年根据《北京条约》割让给英国,所以海关的位置都邻近当时属于英国的九龙和清朝的边界,其下关厂名为“九龙关”。

1898年,中英签订《展拓香港界址专条》,英国取得九龙半岛北部的土地,中英边界北移至深圳河。原本设于边境地区的九龙关失去用途,在之后一两年间就被关闭。及后,在新中英边界设立的新海关,亦沿用“九龙海关”一名,直至1997年才易名深圳海关

九龙关的位置

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马湾的“九龙关”及“九龙关借地七英尺”碑

九龙关一般会设立在近海的位置,以便监察船只的海上活动和走私活动,有多个关厂,其中包括:

九龙关设立时通常在旁立有“九龙关地界”碑石,以列明关厂的位置。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 饶宗颐文化馆. 九龍關地界碑石 (1887年). [2018-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-21). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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九龙关
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