For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 主动脉瓣狭窄.

主动脉瓣狭窄

主动脉瓣狭窄
风湿性心脏病导致的严重主动脉瓣狭窄,尸检大体病理。图中央可见主动脉瓣英语aortic valve(增厚且融合的主动脉瓣小叶);主动脉已被切除,只剩一圈围绕主动脉瓣的残根。右下方为肺动脉干。左下方被纵切的动脉则为右冠状动脉英语right coronary artery;正右方被纵切的血管则为左主冠状动脉
症状心绞痛昏厥
类型aortic valve disease[*]aortic disease[*]heart valve stenosis[*]疾病
分类和外部资源
医学专科心脏外科
ICD-11BB70
DiseasesDB844
MedlinePlus000178
eMedicine150638
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

主动脉瓣狭窄(Aortic stenosis,简称ASAoS)乃描述左心室通向主动脉的瓣膜口狭窄的现象。可能是由主动脉瓣英语aortic valve的结构异常造成,或主动脉瓣的上游或下游解剖结构的异常造成。一般来说,其病情会随时间愈发加重。一开始,患者可能会发现其运动能力减退。后随病情进一步发展,可能出现心脏衰竭昏厥心绞痛等临床症状与体征。昏厥常发生于患者站立或运动时,心脏衰竭的临床体征包括呼吸困难(特别是在平卧、夜晚或运动时),以及外周性水肿。主动脉瓣膜变厚但瓣膜口未变狭窄则称为主动脉瓣硬化[1]

致病原因包含先天性双叶性动脉瓣英语bicuspid aortic valve风湿热。双叶性动脉瓣的盛行率约为1-2%,而风湿热则大多影响发展中国家的人民。先天正常的瓣膜也可能因后天性因素硬化。风险因子与冠状动脉疾病类似,包含吸烟高血压胆固醇过高,以及糖尿病等。此外,男性罹患此疾病的风险较高。主动脉瓣通常有三片,位于心室主动脉之间。主动脉瓣狭窄会产生心杂音,可根据超声心动图分为轻微、中度,及重度等级别[1]

主动脉瓣狭窄的症状可用超声波追踪。当病情严重时,其治疗主要采用瓣膜置换术英语valve replacement surgery,若病人难以承受开放手术风险,则一般采用经皮主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)。目前市面上的人工瓣膜主要有机械式瓣膜英语mechanical heart valve生物性瓣膜英语bioprosthetic heart valve两种,两种各有其优缺点。另一个侵入性较小的术式——气球主动脉瓣膜整型术英语balloon aortic valvuloplasty(BAV)只能在几个月之内对病人有一定益处。手术并发症之一——心脏衰竭可按其他患有轻度至中度主动脉瓣狭窄的患者的方案治疗。病情严重患者需避免服用血管张力素I型转化酶抑制剂硝酸甘油以及一些β受体阻断药[1]。依照患者血压、硝普钠脱羟肾上腺素英语phenylephrine可用于同时患有失代偿型心功能不全英语decompensated heart failure的患者[1][2]

主动脉瓣狭窄在发达国家是最常见的心脏瓣膜疾病英语valvular heart disease[3],约影响65岁以上人口中的2%[1]。在2014年,大部分发展中国家的盛行率仍不得而知[4]。对有症状却没有动手术的病人,5年内的死亡率大约为50%,10年内为90%[1]。主动脉瓣狭窄最早在1663年由法国医生Lazare Rivière所描述[5]

视频介绍主动脉瓣疾病

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Czarny, MJ; Resar, JR. Diagnosis and management of valvular aortic stenosis.. Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology. 2014, 8 (Suppl 1): 15–24. PMID 25368539. doi:10.4137/CMC.S15716. 
  2. ^ Overgaard, CB; Dzavík, V. Inotropes and vasopressors: review of physiology and clinical use in cardiovascular disease.. Circulation. 2 September 2008, 118 (10): 1047–56. PMID 18765387. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728840. 
  3. ^ Manning WJ. Asymptomatic aortic stenosis in the elderly: a clinical review. JAMA. October 2013, 310 (14): 1490–7. PMID 24104373. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.279194. 
  4. ^ Thaden, JJ; Nkomo, VT; Enriquez-Sarano, M. The global burden of aortic stenosis.. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2014, 56 (6): 565–71. PMID 24838132. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.02.006. 
  5. ^ Leopold JA. Cellular mechanisms of aortic valve calcification. Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions. August 2012, 5 (4): 605–14. PMC 3427002可免费查阅. PMID 22896576. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.971028. 

外部链接

[编辑]


{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
主动脉瓣狭窄
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?