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中新马

中马属
化石时期:晚始新世至晚渐新世
中新马复完图画
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
科: 马科 Equidae
亚科: 安琪马亚科 Anchitheriinae
属: 中马属 Miohippus
Marsh, 1874
中新马的头颅骨化石

中新马中马属学名Miohippus)的通称[1],是一史前的。牠们生存于始新世晚期至渐新世早期的北美洲。相信牠们是从渐新马中分支开来的,双方并且共存了达400-800万年之久。

渐新马于渐新世中期已完全消失,但中新马却变得更为大只。中新马重约40-55公斤。牠们比始新世的早期马祖先稍大,但仍比现今的马细小。

中新马的头颅骨比渐新马长。面沟更深及阔,脚踝关节完全不同。牠们的上臼齿有更多齿冠,有更多的磨擦面磨碎粗糙的食物。后来的马类物种都有着这种特征。

中新马有两个形态:一个适合森林的生活,而另一个则适合大草原生活。森林形态分支出了尖步马,其第二及第四脚趾较长,适合原始森林的地面。

马的进化

其他马的分支

参考

  1. ^ McKenna, M. C, and S. K. Bell. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. 1997. ISBN 023111012X. 

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中新马
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