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下克上

日语写法
日语原文下克上 /下剋上
假名げこくじょう
平文式罗马字Gekokujō

下克上,也作下剋上,是指日本历史上低位阶的人通过政治或军事的手段,取代原本的统治者。这个术语最早出现在镰仓时代[1]战国时代,朝廷权力被武家夺取,天皇并无实权,开创了以幕府将军为主的武人统治

尔后幕府将军的权威也不断受到各地崛起的诸侯大名的削弱。幕府将军成为诸如织田信长的战国大名手中的傀儡。一些下级武士或平民,例如北条早云斋藤道三,可凭自身才能透过斗争跃升至称霸一方的战国大名。

下克上虽然本为违背伦常的夺权行为,但仍存有一定的伦理成分,当时的社会规范通常期望成功夺权的新领主不杀害被推翻的旧领主,而是予以流放,而夺权后选择杀害旧主的新领主(例有陶晴贤松永久秀明智光秀等人),其声望多半会遭严重打击继而影响其支持度,甚至可导致其本身成为下一个被推翻的大名。

该词汇来源于隋代学者萧吉的著作《五行大义[2]再由一条兼良在其著作《樵谈治要》中引用。

下克上列表

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平安时代

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室町时代

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战国时代

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昭和年代

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相关条目

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参考文献

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  1. ^ [日]井上清. “下克上”与日本战国时代的战乱,《日本历史》. [2011-11-07]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-16). 
  2. ^ (卷第十 论相克)凡上克下为顺,下克上为剥。
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下克上
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