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三线

三线
三线
三线
琉球语写法
琉球汉字三線
琉球国字头サンシン
拉丁化sansin

三线琉球群岛特有的拨弦乐器,由琴头、琴颈、琴身三部分构成,因琴身两面蒙有蛇皮,也被称为蛇皮线蛇味线

琉球群岛从低音到高音分为“男弦”、“中弦”和“女弦”。在冲绳地区先岛地区,三线的琴弦是白色的;而在奄美地区则是黄色的。

在古代,三线食指处的拨子使用水牛角制成,如今许多地方依然如此制作,但也有一些人使用吉他拨子或食指的指甲制作。在奄美,则使用竹子销成长而窄的形状当作拨子使用。

14世纪末期明朝渡琉的闽人三十六姓三弦带往琉球,加入了鼓和手拍子,结合了当地的音乐艺能,形成了琉球特有的三弦音乐。经过琉球数代工匠的本土化,创造出了琉球特有的乐器。16世纪,三线从琉球传入日本,形成了日本特有的乐器三味线。因三线与日本的三味线极为相似,该音乐在向象贤的改革中被保留并发扬光大,琉球士族纷纷学习演奏三线。琉球王府于17世纪中期设立“三线主取”一职,管理三线的制作。

日本吞并琉球后,三线开始传入日本并广为流传。第二次世界大战之后,因竹子的缺乏,不少琉球人使用空罐头制作三线。

三线曲谱使用工工四谱(くんくんしー),本调子音位:

男弦:合(do)、乙(re)、老(mi)

中弦:四(fa)、上(sol)、中(ra)、尺(si)

女弦:工(do)、五(re)、六(mi)、七(fa)、八(so)

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三线
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