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万历野获编

万历野获编》,明人笔记,三十卷,补遗四卷。明代沈德符撰。

内容

沈德符随父宦居京城,与城中勋戚多有交往,《野获编》自序中言:“余生长京邸,孩时即闻朝家事,家庭间又窃聆父祖绪言,因喜诵说之。”遂仿欧阳修《归田录》之体例,随笔记录。归乡后撰《万历野获编》,即万历朝“野之所获”之意,万历三十四年(1606年)撰成,分目为列朝、宫闱、宗藩、公主、勋戚、内监、内阁、词林、吏部、户部、河漕、礼部、科场、兵部、刑部、工部、台省、言事、京职、历法、禁卫、佞幸、督抚、司道、府县、士人、山人、妇女、妓女、畿辅、外郡、风俗、技艺、评论、著述、词曲、玩具、谐谑、嗤鄙、释道、神仙、果报、征梦、鬼怪、禨祥、叛贼、土司、外国等。多记万历以前典章制度、典故遗闻、山川风物、经史子集等,并保存有关戏曲小说资料。可补正史之不足。例如明宣宗成就了“仁宣之治”,但他爱斗蟋蟀,与明君身份不符,故正史不记其斗蟋之事。《万历野获编》记载:“我朝宣宗曾密诏苏州知府况钟进千个,一时语云:‘促织瞿瞿叫,宣德皇帝要’,此语至今犹存。”[1]

续编

万历四十七年(1619年)又编成《续编》十二卷。明清易代之际,《野获编》散失不少,仅存原编的十之四五。[2]《明史·艺文志》著录《野获编》仅八卷。经朱彝尊多方搜集,基本恢复了该书的原貌。现行《万历野获编》是清代桐乡人钱枋重新割裂排缵,将原书的二十卷及续编十二卷,改编为三十卷,分类四十八门,以便检索。其五世孙沈振又搜辑诸家所藏,得二百三十余条,编为八卷,再改编成四卷附后。道光七年,钱塘姚祖恩将其刻印出版。同治八年(1869年),姚祖恩子姚德恒再重校刊补。

《万历野获编》部分史料为《明史》所无,如卷二十四“风俗”门“有“火把节”条云:“今滇中以六月念八日为火把节。是日,人家缚茭芦高七八尺,置门外烧之,至夜火光烛天。又用牲肉细缕如脍,和以盐醢生食之。”又如“西域记”条所载西域诸国史料,可与《明史·西域传》互为补充。李慈铭称其“议论平允,而考证切实,远出《笔麈》、《国榷》、《孤树裒谈》、《双槐岁钞》诸书之上,考明事者,以此为渊蔽焉。”

参考文献

  1. ^ 《万历野获编》卷24“技艺”门“斗物”类。王世贞《王弇州史料》收录了明宣宗给况钟的密诏,全文如下:“宣德九年七月,敕苏州知府况钟:“比者内官安儿吉祥采取促织。今所进促织数少,又多有细小不堪的。以敕他每于末进运,自要一千个。敕至,而可协同他干办,不要误了!故敕。”
  2. ^ 沈振《补遗序》:“先高祖孝廉公,撰《万历野获编》二十卷,又《续编》十二卷,精核该博。凡朝常国典,山川人物,钜细毕举,惜未及梓。至崇祯末,长溪为萑苻之薮,流离播迁,累世琬琰,具已澌灭,是编所存,仅十之四五。”

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万历野获编
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