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氧化亚铁

氧化亚铁
IUPAC名
Iron(II) oxide
氧化铁(II)
别名 氧化亚铁 (ferrous oxide)
一氧化铁 (iron monoxide)
识别
CAS号 1345-25-1  checkY
ChemSpider 14237
InChIKey UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-WPTVXXAFAB
Gmelin 13590
性质
化学式 FeO
摩尔质量 71.85 g·mol⁻¹
密度 5.7 g/cm³
熔点 1370 °C (1643.15 K)
沸点 3414 °C (3687.15 K)
溶解性 不溶
危险性
主要危害 引火
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氧化亚铁,是氧化物之一。其外观呈蓝灰色粉末,化学式为FeO,由氧化态为II价的共价结合。它的矿物形式为方铁矿。氧化亚铁经常容易与铁锈混淆,但铁锈的主要成分为水合氧化铁。氧化亚铁属于非整比化合物,其中铁和氧元素的比例会发生变化,范围从Fe0.84O到Fe0.95O。[1]

制备

FeO可以在隔绝空气条件下加热草酸亚铁制得。

加热后的样品需要被冷却以防止歧化反应的发生。[2]


整比的FeO可以通过加热Fe0.95O与金属铁,在770和36kbar压力条件下生成。[3]


FeO也可以在900℃条件下通过氧化铁与一氧化碳反应(在还原焰中加热氧化铁)得到。

相关反应

FeO在低于575℃的条件下具有热不稳定性,可以歧化生成金属铁和Fe3O4[1]

FeO可与一些元素单质反应,而被还原为铁单质:

FeO可溶于盐酸或稀硫酸,并分别生成氯化亚铁硫酸亚铁

结构

氧化亚铁的晶体结构。
__ Fe2+ __ O2−

氧化亚铁属于立方晶系(类似于氯化钠晶体结构),每个铁原子周围连接着6个氧原子形成八面体型配位,每个氧原子周围也以同样的情况连接着6个铁原子。出现非整比化合物的原因在于,由于二价铁很容易被氧化为三价铁,导致FeO中少量二价铁被替换为三价铁,占据晶格中的四面体空隙。[3]

在低于200K时,氧化亚铁的晶体结构会发生微小变化,变为菱方,并且具有反铁磁性[3]

用途

氧化亚铁可以被用作色素,在化妆品和刺青墨水中都有应用。氧化亚铁也应用于瓷器制作中使呈绿色。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  2. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th Edn.) New York:Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0-471-19957-5
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-855370-6

参见

外部链接

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氧化亚铁
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