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Β平面

地球物理流体动力学中,科里奥利参数f设置为在空间中线性变化的近似称为β平面近似

在像地球这样的旋转球体上,f 随纬度的正弦值变化;在所谓的f平面近似中,这种变化被忽略,并且在整个域中使用适合特定纬度的f值。这种近似可以被看作是在这个纬度接触球体表面的切平面。

更准确的模型是对给定纬度的这种可变性的线性泰勒级数逼近

, 其中是科里奥利参数, 是罗斯贝参数, 是从经向距离, 是地球的角旋转速率,是地球的半径。 [1]

与 f 平面类似,这种近似被称为β平面,尽管它不再描述假设切平面上的动力学。与更精确的公式相比,β 平面近似的优势在于它不会对动力学方程产生非线性项;这些项使方程更难求解。名称“β 平面”源于约定用希腊字母 β 表示线性变异系数。

β 平面近似对于地球物理流体动力学中许多现象的理论分析很有用,因为它使方程更易于处理,同时保留了科里奥利参数在空间中变化的重要信息。特别是罗斯贝波,如果考虑大尺度大气和海洋动力学,最重要的波类型取决于f的变化作为恢复力;如果仅将科里奥利参数近似为常数,则不会出现这种情况。

另见

参考资料

  1. ^ Holton, James R.; Hakim, Gregory J. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology fifth. Academic Press. 2013: 160. 
  • Holton, J. R., An introduction to dynamical meteorology, Academic Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-12-354015-7.
  • Pedlosky, J., Geophysical fluid dynamics, Springer-Verlag, 1992. ISBN 978-0-387-96387-7.
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Β平面
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