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泉幣

永樂通寶

泉幣,通名貨幣,所以權衡品物輕重,而市鬻是倚。流於宇內而寓形不同,或爲金銀,或爲一紙。其固爲貨,以其用而別於貨。金銀之爲泉幣者,曰商品泉幣。紙之爲貨幣者,曰法定泉幣。泉幣之在市者,謂之通貨。泉幣通行萬國,復有匯率辨其值差。其用有四,曰交易,曰度價,曰延付,曰貯富。[一]

所用

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泉幣爲天下所用。交易者,市者以泉幣償鬻者也。度價者,所以權衡貨之貴賤,明財之盈虧也。[一]幣重則萬物輕,幣輕則萬物重[二]。貯富者,貯之以備後用也。所貯未必泉幣,可以相市者皆然。富者,謂所貯之和也。[一]

變遷

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自古分工,取足於己者日以少,待給於人者日以多。專營一業,自享有餘。以與其群為易,懋遷有無。為易之始,必有所窒。甲居一貨而有餘,乙於此貨有不足,則甲願以易,乙願易而得之。然使乙之所以易,非甲之所欲有,則易之事窮。故時日既久,眾人別儲一物,名曰易中,使隨時隨地,出以為易,人皆樂受之。方古之時。易中多以物,或貝朋,或牛馬,或珠玉,不一而足。治化漸開,易中舍他品而用金屬。金屬之為物也,經久不蠹,且析為至微,於值無損,而由散為合,易易也。古今所用為易中者。貴賤金屬皆有之,如希臘羅馬印度

引據

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  1. 一點〇 一點一 一點二 尼可拉斯·格里高利·曼昆《宏觀經濟學原理》第六版
  2. 《管子·輕重篇》
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泉幣
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