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西域

西域,今屬新疆中亞西亞也。 古西域内屬諸國,東西六千餘里,南北千餘里,東極玉門、陽關,西至蔥嶺。其東北與匈奴烏孙相接。南北有大山,中央有河。其南山東出金城,與汉南山屬焉。其河有两源,一出葱嶺東流,一出于窴南山下北流,與葱嶺河合,東注蒲昌海。蒲昌海一名盐泽,去玉門三百餘里。

自敦煌西出玉門、陽關,涉鄯善,北通伊吾千餘里,自伊吾北通車師前部高昌壁千二百里,自高昌壁北通後部金满城五百里。此其西域之門户也,故戊己校尉更互屯焉。伊吾地宜五谷、桑麻、蒲萄。其北又有柳中,皆膏腴之地。故汉常與匈奴争車師、伊吾,以制西域焉。

自鄯善逾葱嶺出西諸國,有两道。傍南山北,陂河西行至莎車,為南道。南道西逾葱嶺,則出大月氏安息之國也。自車師前王庭随北山,陂河西行至疏勒,為北道。北道西逾葱嶺,出大宛康居奄蔡焉。

出玉門,經鄯善、且末、精絕三千餘里至拘彌。

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西域
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