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胡志明

胡志明

胡志明(越文國語字:Hồ Chí Minh),越南共產主義革命家,本姓(Nguyễn),名必成(Tất Thành),自號秋翁,幼名生恭(Sinh Cung),越南乂安南檀縣人也。成泰二年生,父生輝,一名生色,嘗中舉為貢生。必成幼好學,學於順化,習漢文,並識南音官話。維新五年,年廿一,於人樓船為役,遊歐美諸國數年,交遊廣闊。啟定四年歐戰畢,必成自號愛國,求諸國免越南之役,不果。次年入共黨,為安南之先。八年俄京,赴共產國際會,後歸越謀革命。時越南逐共黨,轉廣東,十年於廣州立同志會。保大五年於香港組越共,次年獲捕,囚於中環域多利獄。法人欲害之,問港府以引渡,必成假死以免。八年釋之,往義大利。後積癆疾,往俄國養之。十三年返中原,為中共客,時值二戰十五年軍侵北越,必成至高平,為越盟主,易名胡志明。十七年求援於廣西,甫及靖西,為國府囚之。十七年九月釋之。志明在囚,嘗作詩文百餘,後集為《獄中日記》。

日人入越,挾其王而制之,朝野日苦。二十年八月,越盟起事於河內,尋據北越。卅日,保大帝退位,奉國璽予越盟。九月二日,志明登三殿廣場,佈獨立宣言,共和乃成,次年舉為總理,兼號主席為元首。一九五一年,改共產黨為勞動黨,任書記兼主席。先越南國屬法蘭西,越人起事,法人征之。軍至南圻,立越南國,迎保大帝為總揆,號稱元首。志明擁北軍,拜武元甲為將,與法軍戰,又使援於中共一九五四年法軍敗,和於日內華,越南遂二分。志明於北行共產制,收田賦,抑民產,豪賈有異議輒殺之,民多南逃,南越日愈懼共黨。一九五九年南征,將散兵出山道,游擊南軍,稱民族解放陣線。越境多山難行,志明率軍開山道,尋至南圻,後世稱之胡志明山道。

一九六九年九月二日薨,正值北越國慶。乃延至明日發喪。後范文同為總理,孫德勝為元首,黎筍為勞動黨書記,三人執政,黨不行主席。志明終生未娶,或謂昔在中國有一髮妻曾雪明。有一兄名必達(Tất Đạt),幼名生謙(Sinh Khiêm),不仕,有一女。范文同曰:胡公夙夜為國,大公無私。郭沫若嘗讚曰:簡樸、清廉、孤獨。

聲音動靜,具錄於維基共享︰Ho Chi Minh
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胡志明
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