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胡志明 .
胡志明 胡志明 (越文國語字 :Hồ Chí Minh),越南 共產主義 革命家,本阮 姓(Nguyễn),名必成 (Tất Thành),自號秋翁 ,幼名生恭 (Sinh Cung),越南乂安南檀縣人也。成泰二年 生,父生輝,一名生色,嘗中舉為貢生。必成幼好學,學於順化,習漢文,並識南音 及官話 。維新五年,年廿一,於法 人樓船為役,遊歐美諸國數年,交遊廣闊。啟定四年 ,歐戰 畢,必成自號愛國 ,求諸國免越南之役,不果。次年入共黨,為安南之先。八年 至俄京 ,赴共產國際會,後歸越謀革命。時越南逐共黨,轉廣東,十年 於廣州立同志會。保大五年 於香港組越共,次年獲捕,囚於中環域多利獄。法人欲害之,問港府以引渡,必成假死以免。八年 釋之,往義大利 。後積癆疾,往俄國養之。十三年 返中原,為中共 客,時值二戰 。十五年 ,日 軍侵北越,必成至高平,為越盟主,易名胡志明。十七年 求援於廣西 ,甫及靖西,為國府囚之。十七年 九月釋之。志明在囚,嘗作詩文百餘,後集為《獄中日記》。
日人入越,挾其王而制之,朝野日苦。二十年 八月,越盟起事於河內 ,尋據北越。卅日,保大帝 退位,奉國璽予越盟。九月二日,志明登三殿廣場,佈獨立宣言,共和 乃成,次年舉為總理,兼號主席為元首。一九五一年 ,改共產黨為勞動黨,任書記兼主席。先越南國屬法蘭西,越人起事,法人征之。軍至南圻,立越南國,迎保大帝為總揆,號稱元首。志明擁北軍,拜武元甲為將,與法軍戰,又使援於中共 。一九五四年 法軍敗,和於日內華,越南遂二分。志明於北行共產制,收田賦,抑民產,豪賈有異議輒殺之,民多南逃,南越日愈懼共黨。一九五九年 欲南征 ,將散兵出山道,游擊南軍,稱民族解放陣線。越境多山難行,志明率軍開山道,尋至南圻,後世稱之胡志明山道。
一九六九年 九月二日薨,正值北越國慶。乃延至明日發喪。後范文同為總理,孫德勝為元首,黎筍為勞動黨書記,三人執政,黨不行主席。志明終生未娶,或謂昔在中國有一髮妻曾雪明。有一兄名必達(Tất Đạt),幼名生謙(Sinh Khiêm),不仕,有一女。范文同曰:胡公夙夜為國,大公無私。郭沫若嘗讚曰:簡樸、清廉、孤獨。
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