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曹彰

魏任城威王曹彰,字子文,沛國譙人也。魏武帝第三子、文帝丕之弟也,母卞氏。妻乃東吳孫賁之女。號曰「黃鬚兒」,其傳見於《三國志‧卷十九‧任城王傳》。

彰少時已善射、御之藝,膂力過於人,能手格猛獸,以勇聞。數從太祖征伐,懷慷慨之志。武帝嘗語彰曰:「汝不念讀書慕聖道,而好乘汗馬擊劍,此一夫之用,何足貴也!」於是課彰習誦,彰不以為然,謂左右曰:「丈夫一為,將十萬騎馳沙漠,驅戎狄,立功建號耳,何能作博士邪?」武帝又嘗問諸子所好者何,使其各言己志。彰輒曰:「好為將。」武帝問曰:「為將奈合?」彰對曰:「被堅執銳,臨難不顧,為士卒先;賞必行,罰必信。」武帝大笑。建安二十一年,彰封鄢陵侯。

建安二十三年,代郡烏丸反,武帝遂以彰為北中郎將,行驍騎將軍。臨發之際,武帝誡彰曰:「居家為父子,受事為君臣,動以王法從事,爾其戒之!」彰受命北征,身先士卒,不避險阻,鎧中數箭,意氣愈盛,連勝數陣,深得軍心,去代二百餘里,凱旋以歸,北方悉平。到長安,彰念太子丕之言,不邀己功,而歸其於諸將,得武帝稱譽。

彰後遷行越騎將軍,留長安。武帝得疾於洛陽,召彰,未至而崩。太子丕即王位,是為文帝,彰就己國。文帝詔曰:「先王之道,庸勛親親,並建母弟,開國承家,故能藩屏大宗,禦侮厭難。彰前受命北伐,清定朔土,厥功茂焉。增邑五千,並前萬戶。」黃初二年,彰進爵為公。三年,立為任城王。四年,朝京都,疾薨於邸,謚曰威,故稱「任城威王」。

至葬,朝廷賜鑾輅、龍旂,虎賁百人,效東平王劉蒼之故事。彰子曹楷嗣爵,徙封中牟。五年,改封任城縣。太和六年,復改封任城國,食五縣二千五百戶。青龍三年,楷坐私遣官屬詣中尚方作禁物,削縣二千戶。正始七年,徙封濟南,三千戶。正元、景元初,連增邑,凡四千四百戶。

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曹彰
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