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巫蠱之禍

漢武帝間,宮廷生變,太子見殺,事因巫蠱。史稱巫蠱之禍

征和元年,巫蠱事起,武帝怒,殺後宮延及大臣,死者數百人。武帝心既以為疑,嘗晝寢,夢木人數千持杖欲擊帝,因是體不平。

江充自以與太子衛皇后有隙,恐晏駕後為太子所誅,因是為奸,言帝之疾在巫蠱。帝遂使充為使,治巫蠱獄。充將胡巫掘地求偶人,捕蠱及夜祠、視鬼,染污令有處,輒收捕驗治,燒鐵鉗灼,強服之。民轉相誣以巫蠱,吏輒劾以為大逆無道;自京師、三輔連及郡、國,坐而死者前後數萬人。

二年七月,武帝春秋高,疑左右皆為蠱咒詛;有與無,莫敢訟其冤者。江充既知上意,因胡巫檀何言:「宮中有蠱氣,不除之,上終不差。」武帝及使充入宮,掘地求蠱,充先治後宮希夫人,以次皇后、太子宮,掘地縱橫。充云:於太子宮得大人龍多,又有帛書,所言不道。太子懼,將向甘泉,而江充持太子甚急。太子從石德計,謀斬江充。蘇文迸走,得亡歸甘泉宮,說太子無狀。武帝及使召太子。使者不敢進,歸報云:「太子反已成,欲斬臣,臣逃以歸。」

武帝大怒。於是從甘泉來,幸城西建章宮,詔發三輔近縣兵,部中二千石以下,丞相兼將之。太子亦遣使者矯制赦長安中都官囚徒,命少傅石德及賓客張光等分將;使長安囚如侯持節,發長水及宣曲胡騎,皆以裝會。侍郎馬通使長安,因追捕如侯,告胡人曰:「節有詐,勿聽也!」遂斬如侯,引騎入長安;又發楫棹士以予大鴻臚商丘成。初,漢節純赤,以太子持赤節,故更為黃旄加上以相別。

太子立車北軍南門外,召護北軍使者任安,與節,令發兵。安拜受節;入,閉門不出。太子引兵去,驅四市人凡數萬眾,至長樂西闕下,逢丞相軍,合戰五日,死者數萬人,血流入溝中。民間皆云太子反,以故眾不附太子,丞相附兵浸多。

庚寅,太子兵敗,南奔覆盎城門。司直田仁部閉城門,以為太子父子之親,不欲急之,太子由是得出亡。東至湖縣,藏匿泉鳩裡;主人家貧,常賣屨以給太子。太子有故人在湖,聞其富贍,使人呼之而發覺。八月,辛亥。吏圍捕太子。太子自度不得脫,即入室距戶自經。山陽男子張富昌為卒,足蹋開戶,新安令史李壽趨抱解太子。主人公遂格鬥死,皇孫二人皆並遇害。

九月,吏民以巫蠱相告言者,案驗多不實。武帝頗知太子惶恐無它意,而族滅江充家,焚蘇文於橫橋上。上憐太子無辜,乃作思子宮,為歸來望思之台於湖,天下聞而悲之。

[]

·司馬光·《資治通鑒》卷二十二

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巫蠱之禍
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